Excerpts

The model demonstrated a good fit (Pseudo R 2 = 0.4949) and a highly significant overall model effect (Log-Likelihood Ratio [LLR], p = 4.691e-30), supporting the robustness of these predictors.

Expression level correlation between milk cell miRNAs and skim milk miRNAs The average miRNA expression levels correlated between MC and SM with a highly significant (p = 4.8 E-30) correlation coefficient of 0.795 ( Fig 2A ).

The GWAS gave a highly significant peak for the ss2019324576 variant ( P -value = 6.436e-30, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing), whereas all other SNPs were not significant ( P -value > 0.05, after Bonferroni correction for multiple testing).

The strongest signal according to the PP4/PP3 was identified for rs2453555 at 9p21.2 (PP4/PP3 = 82.5), which was highly significantly associated with ALS risk (GWAS p = 6.5 × 10 −30 ), and at the same time served as a highly significant eQTL of C9orf72 in the pituitary gland (eQTL p = 4.4 × 10 −12 ), strongly suggesting a causal relationship ( Figure 3B ).

The increase in correlation coefficient is highly significant ( p -value < 10 -29 ) (Materials and Methods), arguing that our non-linear correction to the whole proteome abundances has increased the accuracy of these estimates.

The correlation was highly significant ( ρ = 0.7304, p < 10 −29 ) and within this set the outliers (points which depart from the diagonal) were pairs of words relating apple to other concepts: apple-orange, apple-green, and apple-salad, which are more similar in Spanish than in English.

We found a highly significant correlation between the Magenta module eigengene (based on 76 probes) and strain status ( r = 0.99, p < 1.0e-29).

In analyses of WTRadjBMI in macaques, BMI was a highly significant contributor to phenotypic variation in WTR (P=1.2 × 10 −29 ), and together with effects of age and sex accounted for a substantial proportion of its phenotypic variance.

The enrichment of 15q13.3 microdeletions within neurodevelopmental disorder-affected and ASD-affected case subjects (0.4% combined in NDD and ASD case subjects; 0.004% in control subjects) is highly significant (p < 1.30 × 10 −29 ).

Muzzle colour Single marker analysis that was run considering separately all three phenotypic classes (pink/pale, grey and black muzzles) identified a peak of highly significant markers ( P = 1.41 × 10 −29 ) on BTA18 within the melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ) gene (Table 2 and Fig. 3a ; Table S1 ).

In total, 15 lifestyle factors were observed to interact with GS BMI , of which alcohol intake frequency, usual walking pace, and Townsend deprivation index, a measure of socioeconomic status, were all highly significant ( p = 1.45*10 −29 , p = 3.83*10 −26 , p = 4.66*10 −11 , respectively).

We found a highly significant replication (mean R 2 = 0.07; P = 1.5 × 10 −29 ), explaining 41% of in-sample cross-validation R 2 (Supplementary Figure 3 ), which is consistent with previous out-of-sample estimates 24 , 25 .

Compared with the control group, combined dcEF + RL stimulation produced a highly significant increase in neurite length ( P = 2.1 × 10−29, η 2 = 0.54).

One example was IL‐6, with a cis ‐pQTL (rs79103996) that was highly significant in CSF ( P = 2.9 × 10 −29 ) but had no association in plasma ( P = 0.38), suggesting relevant tissue‐specificity of IL‐6 regulation.

When GG haplotypes (Hap5-8) were compared with AA haplotypes (Hap1-4), a highly significant difference in 5-FTHF level was observed (P = 3.58 × 10 -29 , n = 193) ( Figure 5 ).

Moreover, the sample distributions in the X-axis and Y-axis show highly significant differences (Wilcoxon’s test P -value = 4.1 × 10 -29 ).

11C ) and show a highly significant correlation ( R = 0.67, p < 5e−29, for diverse environments.

Most results were highly significant ( p < 6 × 10 −29 ), except for MG ( p < 7 × 10 −3 ), which had the smallest sample size of 234 cases, and PsA ( p < 3 × 10 −6 ), in which the discovery GWAS had only 1430 cases.

The association between the two classifications was found to be highly significant (χ 2 = 138.3, p = 6.4 × 10 −29 ).

In two-way (genotype and environment) ANOVA, the genotypic variations for the four index traits were highly significant ( P -value = 8.57e-29 ~ 3.62e-11) (Table S3 ), indicating the feasibility of conducting GWAS for the four index traits.

When we performed a gene-set enrichment analysis of these 1,341 genes using the Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery 20 , we found highly significant enrichment of ‘SP_PIR_KEYWORDS: alternative splicing' (Benjamini-corrected P =8.6 × 10 −29 ) and ‘UP_SEQ_FEATURE: splice variants' (Benjamini-corrected P =1.1 × 10 28 ), which denote genes with known splicing isoforms ( Supplementary Data 2 ).

This genotyping revealed that in 56 of 57 cases, orange and mosaic individuals were homozygous for one allele (hereafter o ) at the SPR locus, whereas yellow and white individuals, with one exception, were either heterozygous ( n = 41) or homozygous ( n = 16) for the alternative allele (hereafter O ): a highly significant association (recessive model, P = 9.3 × 10 −29 ).

As anticipated from the above reported changes in group mean SRT, a multiway ANOVA of left and right median SRT values, with group and task as factors, revealed a highly significant effect of task (F(2, 110) = 129, p < 10 –28 ).

The resulting Manhattan plot ( Figure 5B ) identified several highly significant metabolic hubs: 3.6.1 Stress-induced lipid amide accumulation The tentative lipid amide (m/z 338.33) was the most significant feature ( p < 10 -28 ), showing prominent accumulation in T3 and T4 samples as a marker for biotic stress. 3.6.2 Phenolic partitioning and correlation with lipid derivatives Quantitative analysis showed that Benzoic acid (GC_BA-TMS) levels were significantly higher in T2 compared to all other treatments.

Pathways showing highly significant results include the MAPK signalling pathway ( p -value = 1.29E-28), the FoxO signalling pathway ( p -value = 8.09E-19), the HIF-1 signalling pathway ( p -value = 9.65E-19), the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway ( p -value = 1.09E-18), and the insulin signalling pathway ( p -value = 2.87E-16).