Excerpts

While the differential signal covered the entire Cry1 locus , the largest difference was localized—peaking 26 kb downstream from the TSS in the first Cry1 intron—and highly significant ( P < 5.5 × 10 −17 at the peak) ( Fig. 1 B, bottom tracks, vertical dotted line at the left).

While no pathways were identified as over-represented in the HeH and dic(9;20) subtypes, a highly significant association ( P = 5.7 × 10 −17 , after correction) was found with neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction in the TCF3-PBX1 subtype (online supplementary Table 2 ).

The model exhibited a highly significant statistical relationship ( p = 6.483 × 10 −17 ) and moderate correlation ( r = 0.67), indicating that days with higher emissions were consistently associated with elevated surface PM2.5.

Given the highly significant positive association (Spearman’s 0.64, p = 6.5 × 10 −17 ) between hip BMDs and body mass index (BMI) (Supplementary Fig. 2 ); and other BMI-correlated physical parameters, including body weight and waist circumference in this population, we performed additional analyses on the two subgroups based on BMI: 82 lean women with normal BMI (18.5–24.9 kg m −2 ), and 51 obese women with higher BMI (≥25.0 kg m −2 ).

The Chi-square test of independence disclosed a highly significant statistical association between molecular groups and genetic alterations (χ2-test of independence, P = 6.72 × 10 − 17 ).

We found a highly significant between-group difference in EASE total score ( t = 12.73, df = 44.95, P = 0.7 × 10 –16 , 95% CI = 15.05 to 20.71), as well as in all 5 domains, with higher EASE total scores in the Sd group than in the As/ASD group.

These distinctions are highly significant ( P = 7.07 × 10 −17 between TN and FN + FP, P = 2.07 × 10 −19 between TP and FN + FP).

All NB histopathology types (64 out of 64) were correctly assigned according to the 7-GeneSig, and the inter-rate reliability of assignments was highly significant (Kappa measure of agreement p = 7.489E-17, Table 2 ).

The increased dynamic range was highly significant across units (paired t test, P = 7.5e-17, t = -8.6, df = 442).

For each overlap, the hypergeometric test was applied, and all overlaps were found to be highly significant ( Supplemental Figure 7B ; hypergeometric test P values from proximal to distal bins, DMRs: P ≈ 7.7 × 10 –17 , P ≈ 2.5 × 10 –33 , P ≈ 1.8 × 10 –16 , P ≈ 5.1 × 10 –13 ; DARs: P ≈ 4.1 × 10 –47 , P ≈ 1.3 × 10 –64 , P ≈ 1.2 × 10 –33 , P ≈ 7.9 × 10 –36 ).

This study not only found linkage to 4q23 but also identified extremely significant associations (p = 8.0 × 10 −17 ) with variants in or near the nearby gene UGT8 , though it is not yet clear whether the causal variants driving this signal have been identified 17 .

The results for a panel of the 12 genes were in good agreement with the LongSAGE data (Table 2 ) and there was a highly significant correlation (r = 0.79, p = 8.52E-17) between the two techniques.

By contrast, the global expression pattern showed a highly significant association with post conception age (Kruskal Wallis test, p = 8.592 ×10 -17 , Fig. 1b ) demonstrating a more prominent contribution of the developmental stage to the observed changes in gene expression than differences attributed to regional variations.

The respective amino acid sequence (ERKA) was found to be highly significant and positively associated with IA-2A positivity (OR 2.15, P = 8.83 * 10 −17 ).

We also observed in the ventricle a spatial, very highly significant overlap for regions where both epigenetic marks decreased ( p < 9x10 −17 ).

Twenty-four GST peptide isoforms were identified under seven different classes with a highly significant protein-protein interaction between GST groups and within other detoxification metabolism-related peptides ( p -value < 1.0 × 10 −16 ).

First, and as noted by other studies [ 19 , 20 ], we saw a highly significant difference ( P << 10 -16 ) in the AFS of silent versus missense variants (Figure 5a ) with a skew towards rare alleles in the latter, so that approximately 63% of missense variants were <1% in frequency whereas approximately 53% of silent variants fell into this category.

Despite the different experimental conditions, we found a highly significant overlap (odds ratio [OR] = 27, P < 10 −16 ) ( Fig. 1 C).

Again, the correlation between the P values of the 1000 top variants for the classical and mixed-effect Cox models was highly significant ( r = 0.97, Spearman P value < 10 −16 (Supplementary Fig. 4b )).

This was observed in both sexes These differences in T2D prevalence between the three groups were highly significant (Chi square test p -value < 10 −16 ).

There were highly significant differences in flowering ( F 3, 379.07 = 473.2, P < 1 × 10 −16 ) and green-up ( F 3,416.03 = 110.5, P < 1 × 10 −16 ) among the grandparents.

The network showed highly significant PPI enrichment (p < 1.0 × 10 −16 ), with an average node degree of 3.52 and a local clustering coefficient of 0.497, supporting the presence of a non-random and moderately clustered interaction structure.

Results Pairwise scores enrich for genetically similar samples when considering MB data only (odds ratio: 17.3), GT only (odds ratio: 6.1) and a combination of both (odds ratio: 19.8), with highly significant P-values for all ( P < 10 −16 ).

The heritability estimates for all subfields, displayed on the plot’s diagonal, were highly significant (all p -values < 1 × 10 −16 ), ranging from h 2 = 0.14 of the parasubiculum to h 2 = 0.27 for the hippocampal tail.

There is a highly significant correlation between F ST and A ancestry difference between the lowland and highland samples (Spearman's ρ = 0.26, P < 10 −16 ).