“highly significant”

Lastly, we compared the average TE ages between SUO and SLO genes in human and revealed a highly significant difference (p<2.2e-16, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test), with the former at 16.1% and the latter at 21.3% sequence divergence from their consensus sequences (For reference, 16–18% of unconstrained nucleotides have been substituted since the split of primates from other mammalian orders [32] ).

When miRNA expression levels were averaged for tissue type across animals within the groups, Spearman’s rank correlations between PBMCs and the brain regions are all highly significant ( r s = 0.47–0.57; P < 2.2 × 10 –16 ), although pairwise correlations among the brain regions are markedly stronger ( r s = 0.86–0.99).

The results indicated highly significant Pearson correlation coefficients of −0.82, −0.68, −0.78, and − 0.71, respectively, with P -values < 2.2e-16 ( Fig. 3B-E ).

The overlap was highly significant, with 30% (1095/3647) of SEM CpGs found to be among NRBC-associated CpGs ( p < 2.2E−16).

Correlation analysis shows that genes expressed at higher levels are better correlated across both platforms than those expressed at lower abundance, although both are highly significant ( p < 2.2E-16).

We find a highly significant correlation (ρ = 0.15, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) ( Supplemental Fig.

The P2′ statistic was found to be highly significant across the 57 X substitution lines ( P = 2.2 × 10 −16 ), thus indicating that genotype has an effect on the variation seen for the proportion of progeny sired by the experimental X chromosome male when he is the second to mate.

The overall model was highly significant [ F (7, 3,992) = 371.3, p < 2.2 × 10 –16 ] and accounted for approximately 39% of the variance in log-transformed cattle infections.

By linear regression analysis, the correlation between the two are highly significant (Spearman's rank correlation = 0.83, P-value <2.2×10 −16 ).

The overlap among CDF2 and PIF4 target genes was highly significant (Fig. 3h and Supplementary Table 3 ) ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

These differences, while modest in strength, were highly significant (p < 2.2e-16).

Almost half of these genes (47%, 1,633/3,450) are present within our set of single-copy orthologs, which represents a highly significant enrichment (Fisher’s exact test P < 2.2 × 10 − 16 ).

Strikingly, ten of these hypermethylated AIMS-Seq amplicons were located in the gene promoter region of the downregulated genes ( Aqp4 , Axin2 , Atad5 , Brca1 , Fads1 , Lgr5 , Phgdh , Slc1a2 , Slit2 , St3gal3 ) belonging to the expression signature of the intestinal stem cell [ 7 ], which represents a highly significant enrichment (Fisher exact test, p value <2.2e-16).

For all three species comparisons, a linear regression of %ID and log 2 hybridization ratio showed a strong and highly significant correlation ( D. sechellia : Multiple R 2 = 0.3257, P < 2.2e-16; D. simulans : Multiple R 2 = 0.2920, P < 2.2e-16; D. yakuba : Multiple R 2 = 0.4083, P < 2.2e-16) (Figure 2 ), with the data for D. yakuba showing the strongest correlation.

0.00276, Fisher's exact test p-value = 1.34e-05), there is a highly significant excess of sites supporting the species topology (0.00229 vs. 0.00210, Fisher's exact test p-value < 2.2e-16) and deficit of sites in these regions supporting ILS topologies (0.00042 vs. 0.00066, Fisher's exact test p-value < 2.2e-16, Fig 2B and 2C ), which suggests that the observed reduction of ILS is not the result of a lower mutation rate.

Biological age showed a highly significant Pearson’s correlation with chronological age of 0.98 ( p -value < 2.2e − 16) (Fig. 2 a).

The overall model was highly significant ( F (5, 182) = 26.86, p = 2.20 × 10 −16 ), with an adjusted R 2 of 0.409, explaining 40.9% of the variation in the hematocrit retention ratio.

Based on paired t -test, we showed that the exponential regression model had highly significant mean R 2 accuracy than each of the existing methods (Holsteins: t = 584.8–37281; p < 2.2–16; Jerseys: 1178.5–5861.4; p < 2.2e-16).

Indeed, this overestimation was highly significant (1-tailed t- test, t = 9.66, df = 557.16, p < 2.2 –16 ).

Regression analyses indicate a highly significant relationship between PSC accuracy ( cf . empirical species richness) versus wia ( F 1,8190 = 5615, adjusted R 2 = 0.4067, p < 2.2e−16; Figure 4a ), whilst the relationship weakens when positive (WIA) and uninfected (uWIA) predictions are combined ( F 1,8190 = 1933, adjusted R 2 = 0.1909, p < 2.2e−16; Figure 4b ).

On the other hand, when we considered each individual base count independently, we observed that the count of G nucleotides specifically shows a stronger negative correlation (R = −0.22) than the C nucleotide count (R = −0.074) alone ( Figure S5 A), although both correlations are highly significant (P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

The overlap is very highly significant (Fisher’s Exact Test: Odds Ratio: 9.38; p-value < 2.2e-16).

Our results demonstrate that subtype indicators are highly significant in predicting survival ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Distribution profiles of wtTrop-2 /∆cytoTrop-2 cells indicated a highly significant reduction in aggregates with respect to control cells (χ2 test P-value <2.2e−16).

Interestingly, we have observed a much higher number of negatively correlated mRNAs than positively correlated ones with the medians of 430 and 1,022 for the positively and negatively co-expressed transcripts respectively, and the trend towards negative correlation was highly significant ( p value <2.2E16, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (Fig. 2 e, Additional file 1 : Supplemental Table S4).