Excerpts

The association was highly significant in both groups (Table 2 ).

no pmc-prop-is-real-version no pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2016 Background South Africa has experienced an acceleration in the reduction of child mortality since 2006 [ 1 ] and a reversal of an increasing trend in maternal mortality ratios [ 2 ].

Correlates of school health improvement As indicated in Table 3 , school size had small positive correlations with most health improvement activities indicating a trend toward more health improvement activity in larger schools, though in no cases was this significant, approaching significance only for coverage of healthy food policy and promotion of active travel.

Blue Point's and DPA’s combined share of distributed and collected syringes, and number of both all and new clients declined over time, but their combined share of client contacts showed an increasing trend (Fig. 2 ).

explored the incidence and mortality of SC by sex groups, observing a decreasing trend for people aged 15–49 years using the GBD data resources [ 34 ].

Data generated through this survey will not only provide a valuable snapshot of the HIV epidemic in MSM but will also offer an important trend analysis of the epidemiology of HIV and other STIs over time across Europe.

One surprising result was that women in urban areas were slightly less likely to use family planning, but this was only marginally significant.

Some Australian research suggests that effects of parental supply on adolescent alcohol use may be significant when alcohol use is unsupervised rather than supervised, but there is insufficient research on the moderating effects of supervision to draw firm conclusions [ 14 ].

Conclusions From a public health perspective, the costs associated with caring for injured cyclists are likely to be significant as cycling becomes an increasingly popular and environmentally friendly form of transport.

When these single predictors were included into the same model, only sedentary time per day remained statistically significantly associated and number of steps per day remained nearly significant.

A marginally statistically significant association was found for the mothers of the public school children who did not have prenatal care, suggesting that this variable represents a certain risk for the development of anemia ( p = 0.09) (Table 2 ).

Women’s sexual empowerment had marginal significance and does not appear to protect women in union from the risk of contracting STIs, controlling for sexual behaviour, experience of sexual violence, partner control behaviour, and background factors considered in the model.

A recent Cochrane review reported only a marginally significant improvement in body weight after some interventions and little to no effect on dietary or physical activity behaviours [ 14 ].

An increasing trend was observed in the disease burden of CRC and PC.

A positive trend for the correlation between teacher-led physical activity and percent time children were engaged in MVA was observed, but was not significant ( r = 0.19, p >0.10).

These values were compiled into a forest plot and weighted according to their variance in order to demonstrate an overall trend in nudge intervention outcomes.

Also, we present many comparisons and some p -values may be significant by chance.

There was an overall trend for increased ownership of individual active play equipment items across increasing household income bands, and children from the highest income households possessed significantly more equipment than children from the lowest income households ( p = 0.04).

As expected, there were rising trends of the mean scores in exhaustion and cynicism, and a decreasing trend in professional efficacy, across the four levels of burnout (not in table).

There was a clear trend in the perception of the psychosocial dimensions across the four levels of burnout (Table 3 ).

Those who had experience of depression showed a trend towards a greater magnitude of physical activity if participants felt that they had easy access to sports facilities.

At the molecular level, infectious agents may be significant initiators of mutations and the dysregulated cellular proliferation that follows [ 24 ].

More specifically, in Peru maternal and neonatal health interventions have been implemented as part of an integrated and synergistic approach, confirming an increasing trend within countries committed to push forward an effective convergence to reach real progress in RMNCH [ 41 ].

In our study, private well as the main drinking water source was a borderline significant risk factor (at the 0.1 level) by univariate analysis (mOR = 2.1; 95 % CI 0.91–4.7) as found by others, including in Canada [ 9 , 10 , 30 , 40 , 42 , 44 ].

For intermediate (6–10 months) and long-term (more than 10 months) follow-up periods, the effect was statistically significant ( OR = 1.40, 95 % CI = 1.16–1.68) and marginally significant ( OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 0.99–1.50) among the randomised trials respectively.