Excerpts

It reported a decreasing trend in stillbirth rates between 1971 and 1994.

Preventive vitamin A supplementation in children 6-59 months of age showed a highly significant reduction of 30% (95% CI: 14%-42%) in diarrhea specific mortality.

[ 3 , 4 ] that included studies of zinc supplementation in pre-pubertal children concluded that zinc supplementation produces highly significant positive effect on height gain.

When we separately pooled these data sets (zinc + iron), the pooled effect size showed a negative trend -0.10 [95 % CI -0.21, 0.01].

Although methodical issues can be raised over the comparison of children from different time periods, the confidence intervals supplied (48% - 22%) were still highly significant.

While this effect is only marginally significant (and thus graded as that of ‘moderate’ quality in table 4 ), there is other evidence to suggest that such interventions could be highly effective in improving maternal and birth outcomes [ 58 - 61 ].

For calcium supplementation, there was a borderline significant reduction in stillbirths (RR 0.81, 95 % CI 0.63-1.03).

Results The likelihood of developing diabetes increases with age (Figure 1 ) and over time, with an increasing trend in the prevalence of diabetes within each age group.

Another study showed a trend towards underestimation of waist circumference in women especially in the group who have a higher obesity abdominal [ 22 ].

15.8%), the HR was marginally significant and had a smaller PAR for all-cause mortality (11.6% vs. 18.6%).

Moreover, most studies have utilised cross-sectional designs, although the duration in peripheral employment might be significant for health impacts to develop [ 14 ].

According to some authors, studies using uniformly standardized methodology showed a positive trend in the prevalence of HT among adolescents especially with increasing prevalence of obesity, in contrast to other studies which showed a decrease [ 32 ].

However, the overall association of education with acceptance of PITC in this study is marginally significant which indicates lack of power.

These data suggest that FSWs' non-commercial partners may be significant drivers of HIV/STI acquisition.

Although it is difficult to see a clear trend from these national data, rates look to have increased slightly since 2000.

Although not significant, the ORs for Q2 and Q3 were all larger than 1.0, and an increasing trend was seen in OR from Q2 to Q4.

Discussion A positive trend of caries prevalence over a period 1994–2010 was observed both for national monitoring and smaller epidemiological studies.

In a series of IHIS studies conducted over years 1994–2006, a significant trend of declining mean dmft and mean dt value per child and increasing trend of percentage of caries-free children was observed (p < 0.05).

Our findings show that an increasing trend is observed in both LFT parameters and autoimmune markers with increasing urinary arsenic concentration.

This relationship approached significance among the most acculturated (OR highest acculturation = 1.12; 95% CI: 1.00–1.23) group as well.

An increasing trend in prevalence of diabetes was observed in urban/rural India and rural Sri Lanka.

On the other hand, the utilization of patented ACEIs showed an increasing trend throughout the study period (Figure 3 b and Table 2 ).

When off-patent ACEIs were further categorized into original branded and generic versions, we found that the baseline increasing trend for the utilization of original branded version turned to a decreasing trend after the implementation of PA2004.

There was a borderline significant interaction between caregiving status and age on the outcome of alcohol consumption (p interaction = 0.09), with older caregivers having greater odds than non-caregivers of reporting low/moderate alcohol consumption.

Given that the unemployment was approaching significance it is likely this factor would have reached statistical significance with a larger sample size.