Excerpts

The differences in life expectancy are highly significant for all rows (all t > 20).

We noted that food groups indicating greater stability were also amongst those presenting highly significant changes in average intakes.

All nine items were flagged with statistically significant DIF between key demographic—and socioeconomic subgroups ( p < 0.001); however, none of the detected DIF was considered practically significant given small effect sizes (variance explained by group membership and interaction term < 1 %).

However, as we explored the impact of two different campaign themes at 3 lags and found one borderline significant result, it is also possible that the significant effect of campaigns with a second hand smoking theme at lag 1 may have arisen by chance, and our findings should be interpreted accordingly.

The association between Brown ethnicity and number of health compromising behaviours at baseline was marginally statistically significant (Table 3 ).

In Seychelles, the prevalence of diabetes increased by 50 % in 15 years with half of cases attributable to obesity [ 8 , 9 ], and a marked trend for diabetes to cluster among those of low SES [ 10 ].

Although there is an increasing trend in the proportion of women who died in hospitals, in both surveys most women died at home (74 % in 2001 and 62 % in 2010).

When compared between the two surveys, the overall pattern of death rates shows a decreasing trend for almost all causes, except for deaths due to malignancy.

Their total physical activity was borderline significant, with slightly more activity in the high-income group (OR 1.36; 1.00–1.84), but no significant differences for work- and travel-related physical activity.

As expected, the results from these reviews show a clear trend towards an association between low SES and increased risk of obesity.

Comparing lung cancer risks in all construction workers combined with those in the general population, we found a slight borderline non-significant excess risk (OR = 1.15; 95 % CI: 0.9–1.4).

There were borderline significant excess risks among workers in the building, industrial and heavy construction sector.

These savings are likely to be significant given the average lifetime cost of skin cancer in NSW is AUD$44,796 per melanoma case and AUD$2459 per NMSC case.

For coping planning, no substantial effect was found neither for time nor for the interaction of treatment and time, although the interaction term was marginally significant, F (1,239) = 2.96, p (2-tailed) = .045, η 2 = .01.

Statistical significance was set at P < .05 and P < .10 was considered to be marginally significant.

This phenomenon has been observed elsewhere, as a recent Spanish study showed rates of healthcare workers approaching 31 %, and a decreasing trend after the year 2009 [ 23 ].

Women who had SHS exposure at home showed a significant trend ( p -trend <0.001) (data not shown).

Socioeconomic position, social relations, and not completing a secondary education Table 3 shows that young people from the lowest socioeconomic position families had approximately a 3-fold higher risk of not completing a secondary education compared to young people from the highest socioeconomic position families (Model 1), and a significant trend was seen across socioeconomic groups.

The intervention group had greater decreases in glucose than the control group and the between-group differences for changes in weight approached significance at 6 months (−2.2 kg in intervention vs −0.5 kg in control) [ 30 ].

The association between mother’s education and early initiation of breastfeeding was at a marginal significance level for mothers with secondary or higher education in 2001 and was statistically significant in 2006.

Among women, immigrants from Former Yugoslavia had significantly increased risk of stroke compared to ethnic Norwegians, and immigrants from South Asia had an excess risk that was borderline significant according to the confidence intervals.

The values of triglycerides were 127.39 ± 33.43 in dippers and 113.81 ± 28.57 mg/dl in non-dippers ( p = 0.003) showing highly significant difference between the two study groups.

This information is quite significant, as it will aid strengthening primary prevention programs (public health policies) targeting obesity in specific populations groups, especially those groups of individuals with a family history of obesity and of Afro-Panamanian ethnic groups; additionally, tertiary prevention programs should be implemented for obese women who are 40–59 years of age living in urban areas and who have a family history of obesity [ 58 ].

Besides the seasonal average movement operator, model 2 included the non-seasonal average movement operator, which showed quite significant improvement in the standard deviation value that decreased from .4798 to .38007, and no nonzero self-correlation of residuals.

Those not yet under treatment showed a trend of a consistently low global quality of life score in the 12-month follow-up; they started with the second best scores (81.3) and they ended the follow-up with the worst scores (80.4).