Excerpts

Near-significant tobacco associations likely reflect the selected high-risk cohort, where cumulative exposure homogenizes the risk [ 18 ].

A p-value of <0.001 was considered statistically highly significant.

Although carbamazepine use was not significantly associated with serum zinc levels, a higher proportion of patients in the low zinc group were receiving this medication, suggesting a possible trend.

The proportion of patients using carbamazepine was higher in the low serum zinc group (4/8 patients, 50.0%) than in the normal zinc group (3/23 patients, 13.4%) (p = 0.0528), indicating a trend toward significance.

HDL cholesterol was significantly lower in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups than in the 1st quartile group, showing a decreasing trend with higher quartiles.

Height, body weight, waist circumference, and the proportions of individuals with a large waist circumference were significantly higher in the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quartile groups than in the 1st quartile group, showing an increasing trend with higher quartiles.

In Mexico, an increasing trend in dengue incidence has been observed, with a notable growth in 2024.

There was a clear trend of decreasing sleep duration with age, with a mean sleep duration of 8.30 hours for middle school students, 6.68 hours for high school students, and 6.52 hours for college or university students.

Analysis of the data in Table 1 indicates a decreasing trend in SBP following the application of physiotherapeutic procedures.

There was a strong and highly significant association between historical AOA affiliation and the likelihood of a program exceeding the national NRMP average for DO representation.

In this cohort, the average age for IOL fixation cases was in the 60s in every year, suggesting a possible trend toward younger patients undergoing the procedure.

The 95% confidence intervals for these differences do not include zero, and the extremely low p-values (<0.0001) confirm that these elevations are statistically highly significant, clearly demonstrating that both serum cystatin C and creatinine are strongly associated with the presence of CKD (Table 3 ).

Pct demonstrated a decreasing trend, whereas MPV, PDW, and P-LCR rose sharply in individuals with high cholesterol (Figure 10 ).

While both the active sunflower lecithin group and the placebo group showed a trend towards improved dry eye symptoms as measured by the SPEED questionnaire (Figure 1 ), statistical significance was not present in either group.

A clear trend was observed over the study period (Figure 1 ).

Though not statistically significant, both comorbidities demonstrated an increasing trend with COPD severity (Table 4 ).

The study showed a trend toward higher mortality with increasing CAC score in young- and middle-aged men and women.

Although the acute group showed a positive trend, the results should be interpreted as exploratory because of the small number of studies (k = 3) and the wide confidence interval crossing zero (-6.20 to 21.70).

However, the incidence of TB in India has shown a decreasing trend.

Finally, our data has identified a possible trend that patients with IBD are more likely to have a negative MRI SIJ and hence require spinal imaging for diagnosis of axSpA, but this needs further investigation and validation in larger axSpA cohorts before application in clinical practice, as this was only demonstrated in a small, post-hoc exploratory analysis.

(vii) Sign-Out performed: 15/50 → 44/50; χ2 p < 0.001 (χ2 p = 1.25 × 10−8; Fisher p ≈ 3.76 × 10−9), highly significant.

Despite the lack of significance for the overall treatment effect when combined with both AFL and NAFL, the data set from the AFL group does deserve closer scrutiny regarding the suggestive borderline significance of the treatment effect.

The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05, and results with p < 0.001 were considered highly significant.

A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and values < 0.01 were considered highly significant.

The mean surgical PCI score was 8, while the mean USG-based PCI was 4, and the mean CT-based PCI was 6, demonstrating an increasing trend in disease burden detection accuracy from USG to CT to surgical findings.