Excerpts

We found that voles selected for herbivorous capability harbored distinct microbial communities (although, the differences were only marginally significant), while voles selected for high aerobic capacity or predatory behavior exhibited no differences from control lines.

It may be significant that, in the study of hypercholesterolemic men, an increase in fecal propionic acid was noted.

Inverse Simpson diversity estimates displayed a clear trend toward higher diversity estimates in primer 799F-1391R as compared to primer pairs 799F-1193R and 341F-783Rabc although not statistically significant for the rhizosphere soil and root samples (Figure 3B ).

The results of a recent study conducted in Beijing, China indicate an increasing trend of type 2 lineage ( Zhao et al., 2015 ), although it is not yet clear whether the type-shift phenomenon from type 1 to 2 is occurring.

In both RPMI and SCD media, white cells also grew faster at the elevated temperatures (30 and 33°C) than at 25°C, whereas opaque cells did not show a clear trend with changes in temperature.

Thus, the role of TA systems, especially those borne on the nucleoid, as agents of adaptation and evolution in prokaryotes is likely to be significant.

While a decreasing trend of level was observed, the levels in the heat-shocked group were still higher than that in the non-shocked group at 3 and 6 dpi, indicating that HSP70 possesses protective function especially for early-onset infection (Figures 4A,B ).

Chloroplastic pigment equivalents showed a higher variability between stations and sediment layers (Figure 3 and Table 1 ), with higher concentration in pockmark A164 and a decreasing trend along the vertical sediment profile in all sampled stations.

Another interesting point is that there was an extremely significant difference in the growth variability of the freshwater and seawater V. parahaemolyticus strains in the environmental condition of 37°C and 3% NaCl concentration.

epidermidis exhibited a 24-fold higher frequency of mutation to Rif R than did GC cultures, and this difference was found to be highly significant ( Figure 2B ).

The second highly significant category is cellular detoxification with additional functions predicted in glutathione, glutaredoxin, and thioredoxin metabolism.

Alpha and Beta Diversity Patterns At the taxonomic and phylogenetic level, the alpha diversity of bacterial communities (randomly selected 4,000 sequences per sample) did not show an apparent trend along the elevation gradient ( Figure 3 ), which is consistent with our previous results (454 data in Shen et al., 2013 ).

The organization of the banding patterns in the dendrogram as a result of the UPGMA method and DICE correlation show a clear trend of grouping by type of olive fermentations (Gordal or Manzanilla).

veronii C4 (pN-PA-2) showed extremely significant differences compared with those of wild type at 5, 10, 15% glucose and sucrose (Figure 6A ).

minutus EPS showed an increasing trend after UVBR.

hydrophila , but future research should be mindful of the phylogenetic reclassification for strains AH-3 and SSU and that there may be significant differences in the molecular determinants of virulence for A. hydrophila.

Abundance and Community Composition of the N Cycling Microbial Communities The numbers of N cycling community genes ( nifH , AOA -amoA , AOB -amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ ) generally presented an increasing trend along the time sequences.

However, the level of phosphorylated ArcA in this strain is lower than in the wild type and in AV34 (the UQ-only strain), but here too, a clear trend during the anarobiosis/aerobiosis transition could be observed ( Figure 4C ).

Second, even though research indicates that the accuracy of electrical sensing is comparable to that of DLS and TEM technologies, the combination with other non-electrical sensing techniques during measurements will be an interesting trend.

Salinity was only a nominally significant predictor of LVA while temperature was not significant.

However, overall a decreasing trend was observed from the product selectivity curve.

These shifts were characterized by a decline in all treatments at 11:30 h compared to in situ data, (most apparent in the PA treatment), followed by an increasing trend in samples from the afternoon ( Figure 2 ; Supplementary Table S1 ).

For instance in one study, having a BMI > 30 was linked to increased free glycogen in vaginal fluid, although this relationship was only marginally significant (Mirmonsef et al., 2014 ).

Notably, after correction for multiple testing, almost all differences were no longer nearly significant (Table 2.1 through Table 2.5 and Figure 6 ).

As revealed by ANOVA analysis, genotype had highly significant effect on DGR-myg and DGR-sd (data not shown).