Excerpts

cholerae O139 in India showed a trend of resistance to neomycin (Mukhopadhyay et al., 1998 ).

Results The concentrations of microbial aerosol and noxious gas under different hygienic conditions Over time, the concentrations of airborne aerobe, airborne fungi, airborne gram-negative, airborne endotoxin, and NH 3 showed an overall trend of increase with the deteriorating of hygienic conditions, however, concentration of NH 3 in each group was lower than the poultry harmless criterion (10 ppm, GB/T 18407.3–2001), and H 2 S was not found in all groups (Table 2 ; Yu et al., 2016 ).

minutus EPS showed an increasing trend after UVBR.

hydrophila , but future research should be mindful of the phylogenetic reclassification for strains AH-3 and SSU and that there may be significant differences in the molecular determinants of virulence for A. hydrophila.

This effect was only marginally significant, but it is tempting to speculate that this trend might have been linked to inability of translocated-oyster immune system to control the resident microbiota acquired from the new environment, resulting in more bacteria evading the oyster immune defenses and establishing in the hemolymph.

JC1 showed a trend toward inhibition of V. anguillarum with ZOIs ranging from 2.7 to 3.3 mm ( Figures 5A,E ; Supplementary Figures S2E – H ) although, a one-way ANOVA determined that the ZOIs were not statistically different ( F 3,60 = 2.553, P = 0.0639).

Introduction Campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported zoonosis in the European Union showing an increasing trend over the period of 2008–2014, and the occurrence of thermotolerant Campylobacter in broiler meat remains high at 38.4% in 2014 ( European Food Safety Authority [EFSA] and European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control [ECDC], 2015 ).

Highly significant hits against different protein databases allowed us to derive the biochemical functions of query protein.

Bioavailable DOC roughly followed total DOC concentrations over the year in both systems, showing a decreasing trend from the beginning of the year, and accounting for 9–52 and 6–47% of total DOC for RF and GB, respectively ( Figures 1C,D ).

Linear regression analysis confirmed the existence of a negative trend in each pulsotype (Table 1 ).

However, overall a decreasing trend was observed from the product selectivity curve.

Next, two-way ANOVA of fold changes (model: fold change = medium conditions + replicates + system error) in the three biological replicates and filtering of regulated proteins on the basis of a P -value < 0.00001 allowed us to identify 325 proteins with highly significant fold change abundances in the induced exoproteome compared to those from the original CD medium (Supplementary Figure S1 ; Supplementary Table S2 ).

In these cases, the EET might be no or only a minor mode of energy generation but will rather consume additional resources and provide the involved species a short time but possibly significant selection advantage.

The number of genes gained from HGT as well as gene duplication events might be significant enough to account for the increase of microbial DNA content and novel functions, and play a key role in evolution ( Mira et al., 2001 ; Navarre et al., 2006 ).

A highly significant correlation between the abundance of transposases and tet genes has been observed also in swine manure (Zhu et al., 2013 ).

Similarly, an increasing trend in the Chao1 estimates of species richness was observed postpartum, which began to plateau at around 20,000 sequences per sample (Figure 1 ).

There is a clear trend overall of more detections on each edge as k increases, but with some exceptions: at k = 20 we find three edges not seen at k = 30, from group D to B2 (257 transfers), from B2 to S (443) and from B2 to E (3574), while transfers from D to B1 decrease from 4659 at k = 20 to 3200 at k = 30.

002002 0.583 0.007 0.24 0.17 0.0790790790790791 0.393393393393393 0.471471471471471 0.056056056056056 0.016 0.001 0.001 0.982 0.001 0.001 0.004 0.994 0.00899100899100899 0.044955044955045 0.003996003996004 0.942057942057942 0.001 0.881 0.01 0.108 FIMO discovered 3 ISREs in the Helz-Beta promoter at marginal significance.

These differences included a highly significant decrease in the triglyceride TAG 54:6 (number of carbons in the lipid acyl chain: number of double bonds in the lipid acyl chain; Figure 6B ).

aeruginosa PG1 revealed that there was an increasing trend in degradation for every successive week up to the fifth week (81.8%) whereas minimum (40.36%) was recorded in the first week (Figure 2 ).

Within a typical bacterial Raman spectrum ( Ciobotǎ et al., 2010 ; Majed and Gu, 2010 ), the presence of PHB granules was indicated by the bands at 837 and 1058 cm -1 (C-C stretching), and especially by the highly significant band at 1741 cm -1 (C=O stretching; compare PHB reference spectrum in Figure 6C with spectrum 2 in Figure 6B ).

This study indicates that freshwater lakes may be significant reservoirs of Ice+ P. syringae .

Conclusion Our findings show an unusual high-level of fluconazole and voriconazole resistance, and a significant trend of increasing azole non-susceptibility among C. tropicalis isolates from IC in China for the period August 2009 to July 2014, which is particularly notable during the last 2 years.

Incidence of the storage “time,” “treatment” type and antibiotic (“AB”) type factors The contribution of the storage “time” and “treatment” type factors on the recorded effects was highly significant under all conditions; whereas the storage “time” prevailed, it also displayed great heterogeneity.

Conclusion We can partially reject our initial hypothesis since this study demonstrated that fermentation parameters are generally not affected by the type of forage preparation with the exception of butyrate and a small trend in methane production.