Excerpts

The regression model predicting objective performance (Δ%) from pre-competition perceptual variables was highly significant ( R 2 = 0.760).

The narrow confidence intervals for significant and near-significant effects (for example, 0.005–0.011 for social wellbeing) indicate a high level of precision and reliability of the p -value estimates obtained using the Monte Carlo method.

This non-replication at the subgroup level may reflect reduced statistical power, as the STEM subgroup coefficient (−0.10) was of similar magnitude to the full-sample estimate (−0.10) but fell short of significance in the smaller sample ( n = 229).

Recent epidemiological data indicates a worrying trend; a 2024 cross-temporal meta-analysis revealed that the prevalence of Smartphone addiction among college students has been steadily climbing over the past decade, exacerbated by the digitalization of education post-pandemic ( Billieux et al., 2015 ).

However, a main effect of emotional expression ( F (2,32) = 82.94, p < 0.0001) and interaction between the factors Gender × Emotional expression ( F (2,32) = 6.23, p < 0.003) were highly significant.

At the same time, the result of Bartlett’s test of sphericity was less than 0.05, which is highly significant statistically.

Moreover, a marginally significant effect emerged for IC errors, with the SLD-Dys group tending to commit more IC errors compared to the TD group.

This metric provides a cautious, Bayesian interpretation of p -values, assisting researchers in avoiding the overstatement of marginally significant results.

Conversely, assessments of Subjective Task Value showed a relatively even distribution with a favorable trend, with option seven being the most frequently chosen. 4.

The analysis shows a highly significant positive correlation between the total score for metalinguistic awareness (MAS_Total) and the total score for cross-contextual communication effectiveness (CCC_Total), with a correlation coefficient of r = 0.739 ( p < 0.001).

Interestingly, the structure in which our data revealed a mild trend toward consonantal facilitation (disyllables) corresponds to the same syllabic configurations where a C-Bias has been found in Spanish (bi- and trisyllables).

Furthermore, the white lie cognition score of children with intellectual disability ( M = 0.58, SD = 0.11) was higher than that of children with autism spectrum disorder ( M = 0.25, SD = 0.12), a difference that was marginally significant [* p * = 0.056, 95% CI (-.66, .008)].

Education and income were not significant in either region, whereas age and gender were weakly significant only in the megacity region.

The results showed that Box’s M test was significant ( p < 0.05) and that Levene’s test yielded partially significant results.

However, this relationship was partially mediated by risk aversion, becoming only marginally significant after controlling for the general propensity to avoid risk.

Due to differences in historical and cultural contexts, levels of economic development, and geographical environments across countries, there may be significant variations in the developmental profiles of minors.

Although several Shapiro–Wilk tests yielded marginally significant results, repeated-measures ANOVA is generally considered robust to mild departures from normality, particularly with sample sizes comparable to those of the present study.

While the control group displayed relatively stable levels of wellbeing between the pretest and posttest measurements—with an effect size of d = 0.00 indicating a complete absence of change—participants in the intervention group experienced a meaningful increase in positive psychological functioning following regular participation in physical activity, with a within-group effect size of d = 0.93 indicating a large and practically significant improvement.

Analysis of the 12 Kinematic measures confirmed a highly significant main effect of Session for all metrics, even after correction.

Behavioral indices showed a trend toward improvement across sessions, and kinematic analyses indicated increases in acceleration and displacement, suggesting more comfortable environmental conditions.

Furthermore, an increasing trend in dropout rates, though non-significant, was found among students from first to fifth classes ( p = 0.0694).

For example, crewmembers #1 and #8 spent more time in close proximity up until mission week 12, with a decreasing trend in time spent in close proximity across the rest of the mission.

The consistency of this benefit across observable covariates, rather than its magnitude, may be the most practically significant finding. 4.1 Summary of key findings Three findings emerged from the multilevel and sensitivity analyses.

Within-group analyses revealed significant or marginally significant increases in the experimental group across multiple dimensions, including flexibility, fluency, and originality.

A marginal trend suggested slightly higher scores for males. 4.5.1.1.