Excerpts

Only 27% musicians reported never having experienced pain related to a PRMD; 24% reported being in constant pain and 21% identified the intensity of their pain as “the worst imaginable.” There was a highly significant positive association between pain frequency and pain intensity, and between pain severity and depression.

However, marmoset monkey faces showed a difference, and chimpanzee and macaque faces showed a trend toward a face inversion effect.

Second, although the interaction between the trait self-control and the writing manipulation was not statistically significant, it was in the range that some investigators may consider marginally significant.

The examination of individual scores showed a clear trend for all target boys except one to present their highest scores when talking to a native friend, whereas no pattern appeared for target girls (see Supplementary Table 2 for the details of individual scores) and this led us to investigate separately the data for boys and girls in more depth.

On the other hand, NI speakers only showed a trend in producing a greater number of H%, as opposed to L%, as question edge tone markers, since the result was not significant.

The control group (Math/Other) contrast was highly significant for the math measure and with a substantial effect size showing that the control group performed much better than the average of the three reading groups.

Although our data showed a trend for decreased error on KR versus no-KR trials during the second half of practice (for the Self-After, Self-Both, Yoked-Before, and Yoked-After groups), these differences were not statistically significant (see Table 1 ).

Most relevant to our predictions, significant or marginally significant interaction effects between Group and Condition were found for all variables (each associated with moderate effect sizes), except for velocity (associated with a negligible effect size).

The fourth and final argument is highly significant for the line of reasoning that we go on to develop in this paper: “The depressive symptoms associated with bereavement-related depression respond to the same psychosocial and medication treatments as non-bereavement-related depression” ( ibidem , italics added).

The only reliable evidence for an impact of syllabic match in related fragment-target pairs was observed in the 200–300 window; the 300–400 ms window showed a trend.

This main effect of syllabic match was strongly evident for short fragments and short targets, and just failed significance for long fragments/long targets.

Therefore, the control experiment suggests that (1) there is no additional effect of being watched on the processes of motor inhibition, and (2) the marginally significant effect of post-error slowing in the being-watched condition from Experiment 1 is likely reflective of between-subject group differences, which were no longer present when a within-subject designed was used.

At central sites, there was a main effect of congruity, an interaction between congruity and laterality, and a near-significant interaction with vocabulary group.

More specifically, as outlined by the BMA results, the modulation of the connections from the left to the right dPMC almost reached significance.

Partial correlations revealed that age, family income, and IQ were marginally significant predictors ( p s < 0.10).

Thus, the association between duration of music training and IQ was near-significant when demographic variables were held constant, although it was weaker than in previous correlational studies with older children (Schellenberg, 2006 , 2011a ; Corrigall et al., 2013 ) and in a quasi-experiment with same-age children (Schellenberg and Mankarious, 2012 ).

In the second step of the model, above and beyond covariates, there was, there was a significant main effect of cumulative biomedical risk and a marginally significant main effect of maternal responsivity on social cognition.

Indeed there was a small trend in the opposite direction.

The suffix by language interaction was marginally significant by participants and non-significant by items, F 1(1, 71) = 3.33, p = 0.07, η 2 p = 0.05, F 2(1, 224) = 2.19, p = 0.14, η 2 p = 0.01.

We conducted analyses by participants ( F 1 ) and by items ( F 2 ) and for the sake of clarity, only significant (or marginally non-significant) effects—at least on F 1 analyses—are reported.

Lastly, there were no differences in the degree of pitch variation (average SD) between Black-primed ( M = 35.39, SD = 14.13) and White-primed participants ( M = 41.30, SD = 27.53), t (36) = 0.87, p = 0.39; d = -0.27, but a marginally significant difference was found in minimum pitch, with Black-primed participants ( M = 83.35, SD = 20.39) having a lower minimum pitch than White-primed participants ( M = 100.17, SD = 35.69), t (36) = 1.81, p = 0.08; d = -0.58.

The linguistic consequences may be significant, with the “kid mob” a potentially dominant force in community language shift whereby younger speakers may even socialize adults in language choice (see Luykx, 2005 and Gafaranga, 2010 ).

The only relationship that approached significance was a negative correlation with Fantasy, suggesting that people with high IA tend not put themselves in the position of characters in books and films, which might perhaps reflect good self/other distinction.

The results demonstrated that task-relevant painful faces had a significant pain information-induced AB effect, whereas task-irrelevant faces showed a near-significant trend of this effect, supporting the notion that pain-related stimuli can influence the temporal dynamics of attention.

Overall, there was a slight trend for participants to more frequently approach problems in an insightful manner; insight ratings ( M = 2.60, SD = 0.48) differed marginally significantly from the hypothetical scale midpoint t (69) = 1.82, p = 0.07.