Excerpts

Although this reduction was not massive, it represents an encouraging trend that warrants further investigation, given the historically disproportionate health disadvantages experienced by First Nations patients [ 19 ].

There may be significant benefits too for environmental justice and community involvement in HIAs [ 24 , 29 ].

Estimates of the contribution to total doses made by external dose have shown a decreasing trend, with the most recent study assessing a more comparable contribution to dose from external and internal sources than thought previously.

These small differences suggest the existence of a negative trend: Disapprovals lessen while approvals increase.

Cardiac tamponade is a rare life-threatening situation, which was found to be highly significant in the logistic model in terms of whether patients had both procedures in the same episode of care.

Results are displayed in column 3 of Table 1 and show only marginally significant treatment effects in years 2 and 3.

[ 69 ] who found a highly significant difference in DNA adduct levels between lung cancer patients with GSTM1 null and those with GSTM1 active genotype.

There is a clear trend of gradually decreasing concentrations of PM 10 .

The requirement for health economic assessment fits within an overall trend towards evidence-based decision making in health care [ 5 ].

Further analysis revealed borderline significant interactions of age with race/ethnicity and race/ethnicity with religion raised.

All the three models showed significant or at least almost significant associations between the three measures of academic achievement, again indicating support to the reciprocal relationships between importance of good grades and educational achievement as suggested in our conceptual framework.

As regards health complaints, sleep disorder or insomnia during the year preceding the survey was negatively associated with the three educational outcomes, but its effect was only close to significance as regards the student’s module mark (actual achieved grade).

Except for a borderline significant effect for women who exercised 2–4 hours a day, this variable was not associated with an increased risk for SCC when controlling for other variables in the model.

They report that liking of advertising is marginally significant for males and insignificant for females.

Thus, while the result provided by least squares was highly significant, the instrumental variable approach did not show any evidence for a positive causal association of GGT on alcohol consumption. 5.

There was also a significant trend for most variables across the motivational stages.

There was an increasing trend in the number of previous quit attempts, an increasing trend in the opinion that smoking diminishes beauty, but no trend in the opinion that smoking makes someone attractive, and no trend in the assessment of the pictures as realistic.

A clear trend in the timing of the end of the pollen season, and therefore the overall length of the pollen season, has not been found.

Many of these records show an increasing trend in pollen concentration for important allergenic species such as birch ( Betula ) (e.g., Yli-Panula et al .

Among those who made a quit attempt, there also appears to be a reduction in successful quitting with use of any price or tax avoidance, however this marginally insignificant.

Conversely, respondents who reported switching from low or untaxed sources to full taxed sources appear to be more likely to quit smoking at wave 7, although again this was marginally non-significant.

If the good were clean air or probability of not dying from cancer the percent reduction society would be willing to give up for an equal distribution might be quite small, but the value of that reduction might be significant.

For both general population and organic consumption studies there may be significant heterogeneity with regard to the pesticides chosen for monitoring and the methods and LODs used.

Although variability is high, thus reflecting the importance of tobacco smoking and other etiologic agents that influence lung cancer incidence and mortality besides PM 2.5 , a positive trend is observed between PM 2.5 and lung cancer incidence and mortality.

Despite the low R 2 values, an overall trend was observed, with counties that had higher levels of PM 2.5 also having higher lung cancer incidence and mortality rates ( Figure 2 ), although there are exceptions, such as Mecklenberg county.