Excerpts

According to China’s National Bureau of Statistics, from 2016 to 2021, the country’s birth rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing [ 61 ].

The length of stay on board, on the other hand, showed a strong positive significant correlation with the percentage of sleep in the supine position as well as a significant negative correlation with the TIB and a marginal significance with the TST ( Table 9 a).

Such a time series with a decreasing trend of urban inequality and an increasing trend of rural inequality.

The Gini coefficient for the number of institutions ranged from 0.198 to 0.227; for the numbers of beds and workers, it decreased continuously from 0.282 to 0.168 and from 0.294 to 0.206, respectively, indicating greater equality and an overall trend of gradual improvement.

“ The patient’s fear of losing the trust they have established with the prescribing physician is quite significant and often a barrier to reducing regimens .” (C-22) These facilitators and barriers at the patient level, together with the external factors described in Theme 4, are summarized in Table 2 . 3.6.

During their time at medical school, students generally showed a trend of consistently high scores in the personal accomplishment subscale, a decreasing trend in the emotional exhaustion subscale, and an increasing trend in the depersonalization subscale.

(3) On the whole, with the increase in elevation and slope, the carbon storage showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the carbon storage of shady and semi-shady slopes was higher than that of sunny and semi-sunny slopes; forest land and cultivated land were the keys to carbon storage changes in Jilin Province.

The CS of forest land, grassland, wetland, and other lands shows different degrees of a decreasing trend.

The SSP2-RCP4.5 scenario shows a minimum value of carbon storage in 2030 and a small increase in 2040; the SSP1-RCP2.6 scenario shows an increasing trend in carbon storage from 2020 to 2040; the area of built-up areas and cultivated land increases and the loss in carbon storage is more serious under the SSP5-RCP8.5 scenario.

This scenario shows a trend of population increase and then decrease from the beginning of the 21st century to 2100, and a clear trend of GDP increase.

Wetland accounts for about 2.1–2.5% of Jilin, and shows an overall trend of decrease, with a reduction of 0.3%; built-up areas increase by 1463.92 km 2 , with an increase of 0.8%; grassland has shrunk sharply in the last 20 years, decreasing by 1228.04 km 2 , with a reduction of 0.7%; the area of other lands shows an increase and then a reduction in change, with a total decrease of 145.6 km 2 ( Table 4 ).

As outlined in Figure 2 , there was a strong trend towards salt and sodium reduction in breakfast cereals, with nine of the eleven studies included reporting a reduction in salt or sodium content of breakfast cereals.

Even in major producing areas, the proportion of non-grain production is shown to have an increasing trend [ 18 ].

Among them, D2 has a moderately significant spillover effect across the basin due to the insignificance of the upper reaches, suggesting that the disposable income of residents in Western China is more influential than S4 and R6 in driving the spatial evolution pattern of tourism eco-security across the basin.

Judging from the current situation, the two-week prevalence rate of rural residents in China increased from 20.2% in 2013 to 32.2% in 2018, which means that the overall health status of rural residents in China is on a decreasing trend.

Specifically, the statistics of the first-order serial correlation test, AR (1), were highly significant, while the statistics of the second-order serial correlation test, AR (2), were insignificant, which implied that the results were affected by first-order autocorrelation but not affected by second-order autocorrelation.

Spatially, more than half of the vegetation NEP (60.61%) in NXJ showed an increasing trend, 5.46% and 41.01% of the area showed a significant or extremely significant increasing trend.

Spatially, NXJ’ NEP showed a decreasing trend (−0.73 gC m −2 yr −1 ), whereas the vegetation NEP in SXJ and HX showed an increasing trend, with rates rising by 0.60 and 0.13 gC m −2 yr −1 , respectively ( Figure 3 b).

The vegetation NEP in the mountain exhibited only intermittent changes (2.55 gC m −2 yr −1 ) during 2000–2020; it exhibited a negative trend during 2000–2010, but this trend has reversed strongly since 2010.

The vegetation NEP in the plains exhibited a positive trend (1.21 gC m −2 yr −1 ) during 2000–2020, but this speed has slowed since 2010.

in the diatom phyla in the whole sample showed a trend of increasing relative cell density along the gradient to the flow velocity.

[ 17 ], who in their meta-analysis showed a trend towards a decrease in alcohol consumption during the first months of the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, and with the results obtained by Guignard et al. in France [ 18 ].

Although the slope’s p -value is slightly higher than the usual 0.05 threshold, it still suggests a tendency toward significance, especially given that this study is based on four distinct exposure groups. 4.

GGT exhibits an increasing trend relative to exposure duration, particularly in the 8+ age demographic, whereas ALB demonstrates an overall decreasing trend with extended exposure time.

With time, both groups showed a decreasing trend with EPDS scores around 9 at the 4–6-month follow-up ( Figure 4 ). 3.4.2.