Excerpts

A nominally significant smoking × recent caffeine interaction ( p = 0.007) was observed in non-white participants: recent caffeine intake lengthened RT among past ( p = 0.06) and current ( p = 0.02) smokers but not among never smokers ( p = 0.46) ( Supplementary Table S10 , p = 0.007 for interaction).

Bound urea nitrogen increased significantly in the LCD group, and almost significantly ( p = 0.008) in the KD group.

While the KD and SD group displayed no significant effect of diet type on creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and uric acid in, the LCD group experienced a significant decrease in creatinine, an almost significant reduction in uric acid ( p = 0.008), and a significant increase in GFR.

Although a similar trend of elevated population of Ruminococcaceae in TWD-fed mice was also apparent, this response did not reach statistical significance until the terminal time point ( p = 0.0089).

In men, n-3 α-linolenic acid, the essential fatty acid of the n-3 family, tended to be positively correlated with obesity (r = 0.18, p = 0.04, q = 0.24), while a negative trend was found for long-chain n-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (r = −0.24, p = 0.009, q = 0.10).

Gum bleeding was more common in employed individuals (17.3%, p = 0.015) and showed a trend by financial status ( p = 0.009), with the highest prevalence among those with “bad” status (19.7%).

Interestingly, maternal BMI had a positive and highly significant correlation with child BMI z-scores (r = 0.31, p = 0.009) and with ‘food approach’ subscale FR (r = 0.15, p = 0.03), whereas there was no effect of paternal BMI on child BMI z-scores and children’s eating behaviours.

A similar trend was observed for both GCA and GUDCA; however, such relationships did not reach statistical significance ( p < 0.01).

Since both main effects and their interaction appeared to be highly significant ( p < 0.01), the Tukey‒Kramer method was used for all subsequent pairwise comparisons of interest, with a significance level of α = 5%.

At the college stage, there was a significant difference in the dairy intake frequency ( p < 0.05) and highly significant differences in the BMI, FVC, sit-and-reach, standing long jump, 50 m, and total scores ( p < 0.01).

Differences between treatment means were considered significant at p < 0.05 and extremely significant at p < 0.01.

The expression of these genes was observed in adipocytes treated with succinic acid, and the mRNA levels of these genes showed a significant or extremely significant increase after succinic acid treatment, which is consistent with the sequencing results ( p < 0.01, p < 0.05; Figure S3 ).

Notably, the UC + Glutamine group displayed a markedly elevated GSH concentration (81.89 ± 0.02), representing a highly significant increase compared with all other groups ( p < 0.01). 3.5.

It is noteworthy that IGF1 in modern pentathlon (MP) tended to be negatively correlated with all other proteins, especially after the fasting period, even though it did not reach statistical significance based on our predetermined threshold for discussion ( p ≤ 0.01) ( Supplementary Table S1 ). 3.2.

The difference with supermarket is highly significant ( p < 0.01).

However, based on the highly significant p -value in the entire group ( p = 0.01), the trend towards lowering in men, the very high dose of CSO given, and our experience with the animal data, we do not believe this to be the case. 5.

Statistically highly significant ( p < 0.010) medium negative correlations were observed between all variables related to the athletes’ body fat and IRCRA scores.

For water intake, the main effect of time was highly significant ( F (3,48) = 417.814, p < 0.01), with both linear ( F (1,16) = 869.200, p < 0.01) and quadratic ( F (1,16) = 25.968, p < 0.01) components.

The body weight gain of the model group was significantly lower than that of the normal group, and the difference was extremely significant ( p < 0.01).

There was a significant trend of increasing the production of TNF- α , IL-6, IL-1 β , and IL-10 in RAW 264.7 cells stimulated by 1 μg/mL LPS, as shown in Figure 5 ( p < 0.01).

Similarly, a non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test indicated a highly significant difference in the age at diagnosis between patients with non-GEP NETs and those with GEP-NETs [46.00 (IQR 32.00) years vs. 62.00 (IQR 15.00) years, U = 163, p < 0.01, pFDR ≤ 0.01, r = 0.52] ( Figure 3 ).

The between-subjects effects of EPA status were significant for the second trial (T2) ( F (2,100) = 6.096, p = 0.003) and reached borderline significance for T3 ( F (2,100) = 4.825, p = 0.010) after Bonferroni correction of the significance level ( p < 0.01).

A highly significant difference is observed when negative control water (−0.17) is compared to positive control psyllium husk (1.40), with p < 0.01.

Lactobacillus was significantly positively correlated with MG and SOD, Desulfovibrio was significantly positively correlated with SOD ( p < 0.05), and Desulfovibrio was highly significant positive correlated with MG ( p < 0.01).

In the larger group of diabetic patients, highly significant correlations prevailed between glycemia and BMI, insulinemia, HOMA-IR index, C-peptide, HbA1C, HDL-C, TGs/HDL-C ratio, adiponectin, IL-6 and TNF-α ( p < 0.01 in all cases), whilst significant correlations with a higher p-value ( p < 0.05) were observed between glycemia and either total cholesterol or GLP-1.