Excerpts

There were no significant changes regarding serum lipid concentrations (TG and HDL-C) at the end of the study, although the results for TC were marginally significant.

This may be significant in the context of the microbiota-gut-brain axis, as SCFAs play a role in the synthesis of various neuroactive metabolites and neurotransmitters [ 25 , 26 , 61 ].

More than half of the data were for dietary changes to the Mediterranean or vegan/vegetarian diet with a 4- to 6-week follow-up, often with significant or marginally nonsignificant improvements in PD parameters.

In terms of adipokines, although there were no significant differences in the serum leptin or adiponectin levels among all the groups, compared to the C group, the Mel treatment groups showed a trend of lower serum leptin levels.

Accordingly, MP increased social skills by 0.22 (95%CI: 0.01; 0.44) Z-scores in girls, and reduced social skills in those that are breastfed by −0.39 (95%CI: −0.79; 0.01), although the latter was only marginally significant ( Supplementary Table S4 ).

In fact, MAMC p = 0.09 represents a statistical trend that deserves clinical appraisal. 4.

Unfortunately, this condition brings with it a number of unpleasant consequences, including an increasing trend in the incidence of various diseases which seems most alarming [ 52 ].

Furthermore, although the HFD group demonstrated an increasing trend of CD163 mRNA level compared to the ND group, the difference was not significant ( Figure 8 d).

Correlations were deemed as significant at the 0.05 significance level and as marginally significant at the 0.10 significance level.

In a long-term experiment of autonomously rotating mice, it was found that the peak transcriptional expression of genes related to circadian-rhythm regulation in mice showed an increasing trend [ 54 ].

Moreover, the effects of immunological factors, pro-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic cytokines, e.g., TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6/8, or VEGF [ 2 , 6 , 25 , 26 ], may be significant.

However, even with this small sample size, such highly significant differences in serum phosphate levels could be detected by comparing both drugs.

Overall, while not all effects were statistically significant, these studies generally showed a positive trend in healthy aging related outcomes.

diet, we found that race/ethnic differences in the proportion of LA contributed by all food groups, with the exception of dairy, which only showed a trend towards differences.

However, earlier research that identified a decreasing trend in supplement use among Olympic athletes also referred to this anti-doping risk [ 62 ]. 5.

However, there is a positive trend emerging among Romanian consumers towards healthier and more sustainable food options, characterised by a preference for foods with a low degree of processing.

Overall, there is evidence to suggest that a good diet and a balanced microbial flora of the gut may be significant factors in lowering the risk of acquiring Alzheimer’s disease, even though the relationship between Alzheimer’s disease, food, and gut microbiota is currently being investigated. 1.3.9.

In the male elderly population, a positive trend within blood heavy metal levels was connected with DRT and AFT; in the female population, a negative trend was associated with IRT and AFT; instead, a positive trend was associated with DSST.

We also found a negative trend in fat intake, with a fat %E of 37.7%, which is a value that is above the recommendations [ 50 ].

study, the FPG changes were borderline significant, and improvements in LDL and HDL were not observed [ 71 , 72 ]. 3.1.12.

Further assessment of α diversity of gut microbiota indicated that HFD feeding notably impaired the richness of gut microbiota ( p < 0.05), while SY treatment showed an increasing trend in the richness although no statistically significant differences were observed ( Figure 5 A).

The borderline significance and the presence of substantial heterogeneity in the overall analysis indicate the need for further investigation and consideration of additional factors.

Although a null association was observed between maternal SIC at either T1 or T2 and birth weight and length, the increase in SIC change % from T1 to T2 was associated with decreased birth weight (β = −0.085, p = 0.054) and length ( β = −0.092, p = 0.038) with marginal significance.

For the two studies that included both the total phenol content of the olive oil and hypertensive participants, an EVOO with a total phenol of 161 mg/kg [ 48 ] and one with 564 mg/kg [ 63 ] both lowered SBP, while DBP was lowered only with the 564 mg/kg total phenol olive oil and was borderline significant for the 161 mg/kg total phenols.

Interestingly, there was a weak trend of all fecal SCFA being lower after gluten intake, compared to the other interventions, although only isovalerate reached significance.