Excerpts

The difference in medians, 13, is also quite significant ( W = 1075516.5, p < 10 −9 ).

The effects of each treatment are summarized in Table 2 ; Fisher's Exact Test indicates that all treatments and effects are highly significant compared to the control (p<10 −9 ).

Genome-wide, SLC39A8 (p<4.3×10 −10 ) was one of only 19 genes that passed a combined highly significant statistical association (p<10 −9 ) with tumor aggressiveness [73] .

The high frequency of the correlation of the known causative gene with the overall LGMD2 gene set is highly significant relative to the mean number of genes (n = 72) in each 6 Mb interval (p-value = 1.24e-09).

This analysis revealed a highly significant Treatment × Block interaction (F(5,352) = 10.729, p = 1.30 × 10 − 9), indicating that freezing dynamics across experimental blocks differed as a function of treatment condition.

Enrichment analysis (Fisher's exact test using Gene Ontology terms) of those genes with increased expression revealed highly significant enrichment in genes with the terms ‘cell cycle’ (45 genes, enrichment p = 1.4E-9), ‘kinetochore’ (8 genes, p = 1.5E-6), ‘pericentric chromosome-binding’ (10 genes, p = 3.4E-6), ‘DNA replication’ (17 genes, p = 6.0E-6), and ‘DNA-binding’ (103 genes, p = 0.0001), whereas analysis of the genes that were decreased revealed enrichment in genes with the terms ‘membrane-binding’ (391 genes, p = 9.8E-12), ‘integral-to-membrane’ (333 genes, p = 5.1E-9), ‘lysosomal’ (24 genes, p = 1.2E-5), and ‘golgi apparatus’ (29 genes, p = 0.0001) (a complete list of the terms is in Figure S2 ).

This association between IVIG resistance and CAL development was highly significant (Fisher's exact p = 1.4×10 −9 ).

The difference between control and affected slopes was highly significant (Z = 5.9401, p = 1.43E-09).

Using logistic regression with the GDP term reduced the deviance from 114.0 (df = 28) to 29.2 (df = 27), a highly significant improvement in fit (p = 1.8E-9).

The P value derived from this test was also highly significant (P = 3.9×10 −9 ), pinpointing that CH, but not DH, could account for the identified association.

Significantly, we observed highly significant (p<4×10 −9 ) and positive (R 2 >0.80) correlations between levels of differentially-expressed transcripts identified in the presence of ouabain and K + -free medium ( Fig. 4 ).

This effect was highly significant (HR 4.778, 95%CI: 2.837–8.046, p = 4.08x10 -9 ).

A highly significant 20% of the genes targeted by PLZF/RARA have altered expression patterns ( P = 4.99×10 −9 , Fisher exact ) with 11% becoming down regulated and 9% being up regulated upon PLZF/RARA binding ( Figure 2a ).

This difference was highly significant (p = 5.1×10 −9 Student's t-test) and was confirmed by bisulphite sequencing ( Fig. 3 ).

Interestingly, while no clear correlation was identified between temperature, or salinity and diversity levels of Aminicenantes at OTU 0.03 , a positive highly significant correlation existed between the dataset diversity rank and the environment’s oxygen tension (Spearman rank correlation coefficient = 0.4, p-value = 5.3E-9).

Fisher’s Exact Test revealed a highly significant p-value (p-value = 6.52e-09), indicating a statistically significant difference between the observed DEG overlap and random overlap.

A highly significant inverse correlation was observed between 8-oxodG level in sperm DNA and sperm concentration ( r = −0.52; p = 0.000000007) ( Figure 2A ), for the whole study population.

Two microRNAs, miR-29a and miR-29c, were disclosed and further meta-analysis of the six mRNA expression datasets showed that these two microRNAs were highly significant based on the Fisher p-value combination (p = 9.14×10 −9 for miR-29a and p = 1.14×10 −6 for miR-29c).

The observation that 20 AE-linked cytobands were found in the top 70 hits is highly significant ( P <10 −8 , hypergeometric distribution, with 624 total cytobands in the genome), whereas only 2 cytobands are expected to overlap by chance alone.

We listed highly significant genetic effects of loci (−Log 10 P >8.0 and >1.0%, >0.5%) and consistent loci with environment interaction which were stable in a particular ecological area across at least two years for lint yield and three yield traits ( Figure 1 , Table 2 – 5 ).

All enrichments for GO ontologies representing these six biological processes were highly significant; P <10 −8 .

Hits were declared nominally significant for p -values ≤10 −8 and suggestive for p -values ranging from 10 −6 to 10 −8 ( Material and Methods , Figure S11 ).

In this analysis, 263 p53 target genes were co-bound by JMJD3, which gives a highly significant overlap between JMJD3 and p53 target genes (p<10 −8 ).

Because of this bias, PBIF modeling found a larger decrease in V T in cannabis smokers (−27% in the prefrontal cortex compared with −19% using full input), and the group×region interaction was statistically highly significant (F = 17.1, p = 0.00000001) ( Fig. 2B ).

When combining our results across all seven taxa, we found that the overall pattern–i.e., more highly interconnected hub genes exhibited stronger evolutionary constraint–was highly significant (Fisher’s combined probability test, P < 1E-08 for both dN and ω [using CombinePValue; https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=CombinePValue ]; S2 Appendix ).