Excerpts

Compared to the CKT, ethylene precursor ACC levels increased significantly after 8 days of waterlogging, whereas jasmonic acid levels exhibited a decreasing trend ( Figure 1 H,I).

For Student’s t -test, p < 0.05, p < 0.01, p < 0.001, and p < 0.0001 were considered statistically significant (*), highly significant (**), very highly significant (***), and extremely significant (****), respectively.

Based on the above results, we speculate that CCC induced tomato resistance to TYLCD may be realised through the following two ways: 1 in previous studies, CCC was often used to cultivate strong seedlings in industrial seedling raising, indicating that although CCC delayed the growth of plants to a certain extent, the photosynthetic related indexes, chlorophyll content and stem diameter of plants showed an increasing trend, thus improving the resistance of plants to external adversity; 2 we found that after spraying CCC, the level of JA in tomato could be increased, and JA was one of the important signals of ISR-mediated pathway.

In this study, after spraying with CCC, both JAZ2 and MYC2 expression levels showed a decreasing trend, which is slightly different from the results of previous studies.

Starting from May 2021, the tNDVI in Mesagne initiated a decreasing trend, thus capturing the progressive damage of the canopy.

Although the fresh-to-dry ratio displayed a negative trend, it did not reach statistical significance, indicating that dry matter accumulation efficiency is governed by other regulatory pathways.

The genetic diversity of the populations showed a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing from north to south.

Statistical analysis revealed highly significant effects of cytokinin type, concentration, and their interaction on all three parameters, with the highest R 2 value observed for plantlet regeneration (0.919), indicating a strong treatment responsiveness ( Table 3 ).

Furthermore, the results from 2016 showed a trend of increased values for all parameters compared to 2015, likely due to the plant’s adaptation to the saline environment over time.

The Morphinan Pathway In contrast to BBE , SalSyn expression showed a trend towards up-regulation as an early response to wounding ( Figure 2 B), mirroring the patterns observed for salutaridine.

Compared to the visible band, the spectral reflectance in NIR exhibited an increasing trend with higher phosphorus inputs, accompanied by distinct differences in the spectral response curve.

For the roots, the total phenolic content showed a decreasing trend under the treatment of MnO 2 NMs but an increasing trend under the treatment of Mn 3 O 4 NMs ( Figure 4 ).

The automated amber score identified an increasing trend from white to amber across the four stages.

While the treated WT line showed a slight, non-significant decrease in GA19, the OE line showed a trend towards increased GA19.

According to the C:N ratio in plant residues (above-ground GR biomass and forest litter), our previous studies have shown a decreasing trend from meadow to forest [ 8 ].

An exception was observed for the soil P content in reserved meadows, which showed an increasing trend.

Overall, the two years showed a trend towards moderate inheritance, although some high-quality hybrid plants with high TSS content could still be selected.

Nevertheless, we could see a clear trend where the convex hull area of the Control and BA treatments exceeded all others, which was reflected in an open architecture.

Both T and CK exhibited a decreasing trend after anthesis, with T declining more slowly than CK, and both reaching their lowest values at 76 DAA.

Pink flowers also showed an increasing trend in their pigment content, though at significantly lower levels than those in purple flowers.

Furthermore, as revealed in Table 1 , the diameter classes of Moso bamboo within MF exhibited an increasing trend compared to those in TF.

Living Moso bamboo and living stems of other species displayed significant or near-significant positive correlations at 0–6 m scales, but these associations became non-significant beyond 6 m ( Figure 4 e).

However, the interaction between DES extract and emollient (β AC ) showed a negative trend, suggesting that when combined, DES extract and emollient slightly reduced spreadability, although this effect was not statistically significant as shown in Figure 5 B.

Moreover, the nitrogen content in leaves has shown a decreasing trend based on increases in a region’s annual average temperature [ 36 ].

For both varieties, the endogenous ABA content showed a decreasing trend over time following the application of exogenous GA 3 and IAA, reaching the highest level after 5 days, significantly higher than at other times ( p < 0.05).For both ‘Xinmu No. 4’ and ‘Saiwo’, under the treatment with exogenous growth regulators GA 3 and IAA, the endogenous ABA content in the crown buds decreased with increasing concentrations.