Excerpts

Three-dimensional digital approach for comparative anatomy There is an increasing trend to utilize digital three-dimensional datasets, including the ones obtained from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and photogrammetry, for research and education not only in human but also in animal anatomy 33 – 35 .

8 a1–c1, before the initiation of crack propagation ( t − ti < 0 ) and after the initiation of crack propagation ( t − ti > 0 ), all samples display an increasing trend in the Mode-I SIF.

A clear trend emerges—as BF content increases, the crack propagation rate also increases (BPE8 > BPE5 > BPE2 > BPE0).

At 10-J impact energy, BPE samples with BF show a decreasing trend in crack propagation process as BF content increases, with BPE8 having the shortest crack propagation process at 16.6 mm.

Linear regression showed that there was a highly significant correlation between the contents of SOC and MAOC with an r 2 of 0.99, and between the contents of POC and MAOC with an r 2 of 0.57 (Fig.

The cellulase enzyme activities showed a decreasing trend with the extension of incubation time (Fig. 3 c), and the SR300 and SR300-C treatments were significantly different from others on the 21st day, with increases of 21.3%-43.23% and 40.63%-65.34%, respectively.

Conversely, MAOA expression showed a decreasing trend with increasing symptom severity.

As the experiments progress, a clear trend becomes evident: RLAENN remains steadier and frequently outperforms the other approaches across the full range of tests.

The FEV 1 /FVC ratio followed the same pattern, showing a significant reduction in severe cases compared to mild and moderate asthma ( p < 0.0001), with no significant genotypic variation.FEV 1 reversibility, a key marker of bronchodilator response, also exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing severity, which aligns with the expected pathophysiology of β 2 agonist refractory asthma.

To aid interpretation of this near-significant result, exploratory pairwise Wilcoxon rank-sum tests were conducted.

Compared with the control group, the overall staining intensity of IL1RL1 in the NAFLD group showed a decreasing trend.

JUN exhibited a positive trend with neutrophils, whereas SERPINE1 was positively associated with neutrophils.

Analysis by domain for NCGG-FAT and TDAS Domain-specific analyses revealed a weakly significant correlation for NCGG-FAT and a weak, non-significant trend for TDAS (Supplement Fig. 1 ).

With an increase in the number of cycles, both the removal efficiency and adsorption capacity for the two pollutants exhibited a decreasing trend.

The results showed a Kendall’s W value of 0.687 with a p-value less than 0.001, indicating a highly significant consensus among the experts, the coefficients of variation for all indicators were no more than 0.25, confirming that the expert opinions had achieved sufficient convergence.

Nonetheless, we detected a significant trend in eastward transport over the 135 year time series, suggesting environmental conditions becoming increasingly favorable for sea turtles to access distant foraging grounds.

Reflecting these circulation shifts, we found a negative trend in the NAO index averaged over summer and autumn.

A notable trend exhibited by all four models is that the most popular occupation provided for Baby Boomers is “teacher”, which comprises 40.0% of the Baby Boomer responses for claude-3.5-sonnet, 44.4% for gpt-4o-mini, 70.0% for llama-3.1-70b, and 30.0% for command-r-plus.

Statistical tests confirm that these divergences from real-world political affiliation distributions are highly significant.

While the volume of the Cold Pool showed a decreasing trend from 2010 to 2024, the volume in 2024 was considerably higher than in recent years (Fig. 5 a).

In all treatments, soil OC exhibited a decreasing trend over the incubation period, indicating the decomposition of organic matter by microorganisms.

The amount of Pb in the T, M, and TM treatments showed an increasing trend during the first three days of incubation, followed by a decline up to the end of incubation time.

gingivalis DNA expression, and the mean GR value exhibited a negative trend with F. nucleatum DNA expression.

Similarly, a positive trend was observed between C. rectus expression and bleeding on probing (BOP) at 1 week in test group.

The fact that MN, CAs, and DNA damage showed a decreasing trend in the ZNHAE1 and ZNHAE2 groups compared with the ZN group indicates that the extract mitigated genotoxicity in parallel with the selected doses (Tables 3 and 4 ).