Excerpts

As shown in Table 1 , the selected model included four main factors (“Strain”, “Temperature”, “Light” and “Offspring host quality”) and three interactions (“Strain × Temperature”, “Strain × Light” and “Temperature × Light”), almost all of them being highly significant.

However, BIO11 was significant in all models and BIO1 was found to be highly significant across the full model, the Sonoran lineage model, and the Chihuahuan lineage and marginally significant for the Central Mexican Plateau lineage (Table 2 ).

pmc-prop-is-scanned-article no pmc-prop-preprint no pmc-prop-in-epmc yes pmc-license-ref CC BY issue-copyright-statement © The Author(s) 2018 Introduction Gastric cancer is one of the main diseases leading to cancer-related death with estimated 951,600 new cases and 723,100 deaths in 2012, although a decreasing trend has been observed in stomach cancer incidence and mortality rates worldwide 1 .

Thus, an overall trend for increased NH 4 + sorption with increasing solution pH and decreasing biochar pyrolysis temperature has emerged in the literature.

Although new seed-images were continually supplemented throughout the evolution process, we found that the diversity of the “images” showed a decreasing trend (Figs 2 , S1 ).

An increasing trend of whitefly numbers in the no predator control cages also persisted through to the trial end and starkly contrasted with the low level of whitefly consistently observed in all treatment cages containing D . hesperus predators.

Numerous studies have shown more or less significant relations of wintertime climate variability over Eurasia to preceding summer and autumn Arctic sea ice cover 27 – 31 and many of them recognised the importance of storm tracks in shaping these relations (see refs 24 , 32 – 35 for reviews).

The corresponding increase for the leading modes of STA and SAT variability over Eurasia is also quite significant ( P max ≈ 5%).

Conversely, herbaceous crops showed a clear trend to increase the probability of occurrence of small fires, and reduced their statistical weight for explaining fire frequency of fires of all sizes (coefficients tended to zero in the count part).

On the contrary, agriculture conversion showed a positive trend for the frequency of small and medium fires.

Such PAC drivers are expected to be complex but may be significant and fast acting mechanisms for population adaptation in a changing environment.

Finally, an increasing trend for Vicker hardness of samples is also observed as h is decreased (higher E).

1A,C , there might not be an obvious trend from polar to non-polar gases based on their relative polarity, however, by looking at the entire response time, the trend can be observed.

A three-way ANOVA (sex × drug × repeated measures) revealed a main effect for drug (F 5,84 = 2.82, p = 0.02), while a main effect for sex (F 1,84 = 3.55, p = 0.06) and three-way interaction (F 25,84 = 1.41, p = 0.087) was approaching significance.

Although in such cases education may be acting as a proxy for differences in early socioeconomic differences, a recent study of UK Biobank reported highly significant genetic correlations between educational attainment and BMI 49 , which could suggest that our results for education are independent, and, biologically plausible.

In men aged <45 years (Table 2 ), significant differences were observed in all clinical measurements between the reference group, high CRP group (inflammatory group), high BF% group (obese group), and high CRP and high BF% group (inflammatory and obese group); this change exhibited an increasing trend toward the group with high CRP and high BF%, except for age and FVC%/FEV 1 % ratio.

EF infants showed a trend toward higher LysoPC (14:0/0:0), (16:0/0:0), (17:0/0:0), (18:1/0:0), (18:2/0:0), and (18:3/0:0) in the plasma compared with SF infants (Fig. 5d,e ).

Serum levels of myo -inositol, choline, and metabolites from choline degradation (betaine and dimethylglycine) exhibit an increasing trend in infants receiving EF compared to infants consuming SF (SI Figs 1 , 3c ).

With decreasing latitude, the curves of the CTS/TTS and TSIIA/TTS proportions exhibited cross-fluctuation trends in the eastern sites, and the curves of the CTS/TTS proportion presented an increasing trend in the eastern sites.

Likewise, RUNX2 protein levels were significantly increased in osteogenic conditions (p < 0.0092), with an increasing trend in the hyperglycaemic conditions when compared to the scrambled controls (Fig. 7d ).

2B–D ) while AN02 showed a trend towards enrichment but did not achieve statistical significance (Fig. 2C ).

Clustering of the introns per mutant according to the fold-change values clearly showed a strong trend concerning differences in intron retention (Fig. 6 ).

On the levels of superfamilies and suborders, these differences were nearly significant (Table 1 , Supplementary Fig.

*p < 0.05 **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 were considered statistically significant, very significant and extremely significant.

During the CP, however, the MKE experiences a negative trend in the northern North Atlantic, and a positive trend that extends more to the east in a zonal manner east of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge along the path of the North Atlantic Current (NAC), signifying an overall southeast shift of the NAC and subpolar gyre (Fig. 2d ).