Excerpts

The majority (66.5% of the area) experienced a positive trend in annual GPP with an increasing rate of 3.47 ± 3.36 g C m −2 per year.

All together, we observed a clear trend toward greater protection with higher systemic TDF doses and higher TFV plasma concentrations.

Indeed, Grp78 +/− mice in the C56BL/6 and 129sv background showed a trend toward higher incidences of inflammation and cancer compared to the WT mice.

The majority of this region (59%) was modulated by speed and showed a trend of positively graded response.

In CKD+STEMI and CKD+NSTEMI patients, hs-TnT showed an increasing trend with decreasing eGFR and with increasing severity of coronary lesion respectively ( Table 2 ), indicating that hs-TnT may be affected by the comprehensive function of multiple factors.

N2 peak amplitudes and latencies For N2 peak amplitudes, there was a significant main effect for “picture type” (hypothesis 1a) and “localization” and a significant interaction effect between “odour prime”, “picture type” and “group” (hypothesis 4); an interaction between “picture type” and “group” was marginally significant (See Supplementary Table S4 for F - and p -values).

Indeed, we observed lower richness and a small trend for lower Shannon diversity in samples from mice when they were weaned at 4 weeks of age compared to mice sampled at 11 and 18 weeks of age in both housing systems irrespective of generation.

The time traces show a microwave burst that reaches a maximum several microseconds after the laser flash and, although at each laser power there is a distribution of both amplitude and delay, a clear trend is observed: at higher laser power, the signal amplitude is larger and the delay is shorter.

We also found a decreasing trend of PD-1 expression on lymphocytes after 2 months of treatment for MAC-LD.

p values less than 0.05 were considered to be significant, and p values less than 0.01 were considered to be highly significant.

But the role of TGF-β1 in oral tolerance induction was questioned by using a model of TGF-β1 null mice, where it was documented that high oral doses of ovalbumin exhibited highly significant suppression of different lymph node cells, as it intact mice 56 .

Sensitivity to γ-irradiation showed a decreasing trend with the addition of antioxidants to E8 and KSR but the values were not statistically significant from their respective untreated controls ( Fig. 4e ).

Despite a strong trend toward an increase, similar levels of APP-CTF in young animals indicated that activity of gamma-secretase does not significantly account in differences observed in young GF- versus CONV-APPPS1 animals.

During fruit development, protein/DNA/RNA turnover and oxidative phosphorylation follow a decreasing trend that corresponds to DEG variation ( Fig. 2 and Table 1 ).

The aim of sequential model sum of squares is to select the highest order polynomial where terms are significant; quadratic model type was selected to be the proper model that fit the FCCD of melanin production by Streptomyces glaucescens strain NEAE-H, where fit summary results showed that, the quadratic model is a highly significant model with a very low probability value [( P model > F ) < 0.0001].

4B ), and despite an apparent trend for lower expression in the mPanx1(YA)-transplanted mice, there was no statistically significant difference in levels of expression with any of the mPanx1 viruses.

The leading miRs for the negative health outcome cluster were miR-27b-3p, which had the highest number of significant associations and miR-148a-3p, which had very similar profile although some of the associations were only nominally significant.

However, some investigations also reported a positive trend of SOC stock with increasing soil depth 40 ; a finding which we attribute to an unusual trend due to mixing effects of tillage 40 .

Results show that SOC stock showed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth; for 0–20 cm, SOC stock fell within 20.7–90.0 Mg ha −1 , and it was 10.5–72.2 Mg ha −1 for 20–40 cm, 6.6–80.1 Mg ha −1 for 40–60 cm and 52.8–229.7 Mg ha −1 for 0–60 cm.

Of note, the administration of rmMFG-E8 showed a trend suppressing the elevated expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 in 10% CSE stimulated RAW264.7 cells ( Fig. 5D–F ).

A comparison of the recent decade (2005–2014) with the previous 50 years (1955–2004) of climate data ( Table S2 ) shows a clear trend toward increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer rainfall events.

However, 27 peptide features (20 features describing the amino acid composition) are included in the top 34 features after removing the redundant features, implying that the features of peptides, particularly the features describing the amino acid composition of peptides, may play a quite significant role in the interactions between HLA I molecules and the related peptides, with very little redundancy 43 .

2b ) presented an increasing trend until a peak at day 14, with further decreasing trend, for all experimental groups, which is a characteristic pattern for this culture model.

Nucleic acid metabolism also showed an increasing trend with DHEA treatment in both cell types with elevated uridine and purine flux suggesting DHEA may modulate availability of nucleic acids required for gene transcription ( Fig. 1I–K ).

Figure 2a shows that the annual-mean number of thunderstorm events has a decreasing trend at an overwhelming majority of the 580 stations across China during 1961–2010, with most stations experiencing a decreasing rate of around 1% per year east of the Tibetan Plateau.