“highly significant”

Highly significant p -values for both directions (lesser and greater, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) were recorded.

Food Deserts: In stark contrast, the food desert index showed a strong and highly significant positive spatial autocorrelation (I = 0.4563, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Among these were 20.0% of the genes upregulated in XY° males (993 out of 4973) versus 40.8% of the genes upregulated in XX females (3856 out of 9472) in at least one developmental stage (FDR < 0.05), a highly significant difference ( χ 2 = 330.0, p < 2.2e−16).

This is exemplified by the colocalization of DPDs with regions of higher CpG density ( Figure 6B ) and a robust and highly significant negative correlation between CpG density and PMDs (r = −0.64, P<2.2×10 −16 ).

A binomial test confirmed that this enrichment was highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10 − 16).

In contrast, the overall density distribution of 496 protein kinases in the siRNA screen showed a small but highly significant shift ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) towards synthetic lethality with the peak of the density distribution at 0.95 (Fig. 1 c).

We found that both up- and downregulated genes showed highly significant enrichment for association signals ( Z = 9.41, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 for genes downregulated by SUMO-1 depletion and Z = 3.43, P = 4.19 × 10 −4 for genes upregulated by SUMO-1 depletion; Figure 5 D).

The observed overlap was highly significant ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), indicating strong concordance between the 2 datasets.

The correlation of age-trends between mRNA and protein (r = 0.235, p-value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) is positive and highly significant but much smaller than the correlation of sex-specific differences (r = 0.626, p-value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

The latter explanation is supported, because there is a highly significant between-haplotype component of variation for the trait ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 for the whole data set; P between 4.1 × 10 −13 [L14] and 0.022 [L06] for the individual MA lines).

We also confirmed highly significant correlations of the patterns of transcriptomic changes (FC of each gene) between cells with homozygous and heterozygous variants ( Figure S18 , p < 2.2 × 10 −16 for both chr7:g.26200781C>T and chr22:g.19179942C>T lines).

The difference in heteroplasmy between sexes was highly significant (129/0 males and 570/32 females,Chi-Square test, p- value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) and corroborates results from a previous study 24 .

The concordance in pathway deregulation was maintained at the gene level, as we observed a highly significant correlation ( P value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) between the global change in gene expression in the two mutants compared to the WT ( Fig. 3b ).

Indeed, by calculating a retention index for each cell type, defined as the Pearson correlation between the two matrices, we observed highly significant retention of pairwise distances for each cell type ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Extended Data Fig. 10e ).

With this larger and more diverse dataset, the excess similarity of orthologs is also highly significant for the Molecular Function ontologies (all orthologs vs. all paralogs, t-test, p <2.2 10 −16 ), as for the Biological Process ( Fig. 3 ).

In the wild fish, as well as in the Nadia strain, the chi-square P values are highly significant ( P < 2.2e-16), and one sees a clear bias in favor of G/C to A/T for the low-frequency class alleles and a bias in favor of A/T to G/C for alleles occurring at high frequencies, both expected under gBGC ( Glemin et al. 2015 ).

The correlation coefficients were highly significant in each case (PrEC: r = 0.80, p < 2.2e−16; LNCaP: r = 0.91, p < 2.2e−16; NPF: r = 0.84, p < 2.2e−16; CAF: r = 0.95, p < 2.2e−16), but not completely concordant with WGBS data (Additional file 5 : Figure S4A).

Comparison using a paired t-test for R s from the predictive model and their corresponding permutated variant indicated a highly significant difference between both model types ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 across cases), indicating that these model predictions are extremely unlikely to be due to chance.

Correlation between tests was highly significant for both tissue types, but stronger for leaf tissue (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.83) than cotyledons (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.72).

We found highly significant strong positive correlation between the RNA-seq and qRT-PCR data (Pearson’s r=0.954, p <2.2e-16) (Figure 5 ).

The Wilcoxon–Mann–Whitney test confirmed that these differences were highly significant ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ). 3.3.

While the difference between cases and controls is not significant (empirical P =0.070), we observe a highly significant overlap within each group ( P <2.2e−16 for cases and P =4.44e−16 for controls, Supplementary Methods , hypergeometric overlap test).

Comparing the probeset response slopes predicted by our model with the slopes obtained from the Affymetrix tissue panel data, we detected a highly significant correlation both in mouse and human (Pearson correlation coefficient in mouse 0.528, P << 2.2 × 10 −16 , and in human 0.468, P << 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

When restricted to people of M/F gender and whose gender was identically recorded in both databases, forename mismatches occurred in 2.37% of females (1727/72,948) and 2.16% of males (1153/53,474), a small but significant difference ( χ 2 1 = 6.0909, p = 0.01359), while surname mismatches occurred in 6.78% of females (4947/72,958) and 2.22% of males (1185/53,484), a highly significant difference ( χ 2 1 = 1392.7, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

The degree of compartmental conservation is highly significant ( P < 2.2e-16), as ~80% of the genome shows consistent compartmental labeling in at least 16 samples and ~40% is invariant in all 21 samples, in contrast to 7% and 0% to be expected by chance, respectively (Supplementary information, Fig.