“highly significant”

Remarkably, we observed a highly significant overlap (hypergeometric test, P = 2.44e-81) between the AS genes in smad1 -cKO (121/512) and smad1 -KD (121/660) PGCs (Fig. 7b ), such as ccdc187 (coiled-coil domain containing 187) that is involved in microtubule anchoring and located in the centrosome 51 , mak ( male germ cell associated kinase ) that encodes a serine/threonine protein kinase related to cell cycle regulation 52 , tinf2 ( TERF1-interacting nuclear factor 2 0) that encodes one subunit of shelterin complex involved in distinguishing between telomeres and DNA damage 53 , among others (Supplementary Fig. 7a ).

Results Monocyte responsiveness to LPS showed a highly significant, negative correlation with blood pressure levels (ρ< -0.4; P<10 -80 ).

Statistical Significance of Circuit Category Effects One-way ANOVA on proof generation times across the seven non-ECDSA circuits reveals highly significant differences ( F = 355.0 , p < 10 − 79 ), with circuit type explaining 94.1% of variance ( η 2 = 0.941 ).

Furthermore, the overlap in hits between cell lines was highly significant ( p < 1e-78, hypergeometric test; Figure 3G ).

As additional validation supporting the role of myeloid-derived cells, and specifically monocytes, as a dominant contributor to plasma CyC levels, we found a significant positive correlation between blood monocyte counts and CyC residual in the UKB cohort ( Figure S4 B; multivariate regression), and two-sample Mendelian randomization using blood-derived CST3 eQTLs (eQTLGen 58 ) as exposure identified a highly significant positive association with CyC production (p = 6.13e−77; Figure 4 E).

Results for the theta band showed a highly significant association between the mean relevance of each brain region, and how their centrality changes in association with p-tau231 levels (rho = 0.499; p = 9.2 × 10 –77 ).

Similarly, the results revealed a strong positive correlation between RA Factor and disease severity, with Spearman’s ρ = 0.902 and a highly significant P -value < 3.9 × 10 −76 ).

All genome-wide analysis was conducted with only highly significant enhancers [-log10(P) > 75] and NREs [-log10(P) > 30] which intersected strongly accessible chromatin from peaks which overlap MACS peaks called from the input plasmid library alone.

The Pearson correlation of individual question scores for the same participant was r = 0.19, which was highly significant with p = 7e-75 (n = 9520).

The results clearly show an overall highly significant increase in the number of such events in TA MSI clones compared to TA MSS malignant clones ( p -value < 2 × 10 −74 ).

T2D status was found to be a highly significant predictor of weight loss efficacy ( P = 2.0 × 10 −73 ; Supplementary Table 4 ), with an average predicted reduction of 2.87 percentage points in BMI loss for people with a T2D diagnosis.

The test was highly significant ( p = 6.77 × 10 −72 ), indicating that the data were not missing completely at random (MCAR).

However, the effect of sex is highly significant ( p = 2.62 × 10 −70 ).

In the GSE14520 cohort, risk scores showed a trending stage-dependent increase from nontumor tissues to early-stage HCC (BCLC 0/A) and more advanced HCC stages (BCLC B–C), with highly significant differences across all groups (overall p =1.86×10 −69 ; Fig. 5A ).

The overlaps with plasma were 47 (T1∩plasma) and 54 (M1∩plasma), both highly significant after Bonferroni correction (Fisher’s exact test p < 10−68 and p < 10−74; Supplementary Fig. 2a ), supporting the reliability of the plasma-derived ground truth.

The regression model including these four significant factors was moderately predictive of matrix-like volume (R 2 = 0.32) but highly significant (F (7, 844) = 57.8, p = 1.2 × 10 –67 ).

The obtained test statistic demonstrated a highly significant variation among algorithms (χ2 = 361.47, df = 17, p = 2.02 × 10 − 66), confirming that the null hypothesis of equivalent performance can be rejected at the 0.05 significance level.

Of the signs and symptoms, 269 were significantly enriched in specific diagnoses, of which 148 were also a priori defined to be of diagnostic importance, a highly significant enrichment (χ 2 = 295.96, P = 2.5 × 10 −66 ).

Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis displayed a highly significant over-representation of the “RNA-binding” molecular function category (GO:0003723), with an enrichment score of 147.76, p = 6.77 × 10 −65 , and FDR step up = 1.47 × 10 −60 for 6A1, and an enrichment score of 98.44, p = 1.77 × 10 −43 , and FDR step up = 3.84 × 10 −39 for clone 3B2 ( Figure 6 ).

COL6A3, COL1A1, COL3A1, THBS2, COL5A1, and LAMC1 all exhibited significant upregulation with highly significant p-values (e.g., COL6A3, p = 2.89 e-64 ; COL1A1, p = 9.21 e-90 ) ( Figure 7A ).

The overlap between the DEG sets identified under +N and –N conditions was highly significant ( Supplementary Figure 2 ; hypergeometric test: upregulated genes, P = 9.35 × 10 -64 ; downregulated genes, P = 1.78 × 10 -10 ).

However, these overlaps were highly significant relative to a genomic background composed of 1-kb bins (Fisher’s exact test, P = 2.6 × 10 -63 for SETα; P = 1.9 × 10 -45 for SETβ), suggesting that SET isoforms are nonrandomly associated with ETV5-bound regulatory loci.

Genes involved in the Fgf/Mapk pathway are up-regulated by Fgf4 overexpression and Cic knockdown Using the stated selection criteria, 122 genes are significantly up-regulated by Fgf4 overexpression and 457 by Cic knockdown ( S1 Table ; Fig 3A , 3B , 3D and 3E ), with a highly significant (p<3.9e-63) overlap of 65 genes up-regulated in both conditions ( Fig 3B , S4 Table ).

Despite this potential for background noise in the overall associations, a number of individual genes stood out as highly significant, most notably a P450 gene (Zt09_7_00450, P = 2.49e − 62) and several major facilitator superfamily (MFS) transporter genes (Zt09_10_00549, P -values (Wald) = 5.57e − 19; Zt09_7_00012, P = 9.97e − 13; Zt09_7_00453, p-values (Wald) = 1.69e − 18).

Additionally, we have observed a highly significant difference in the expression levels of the conserved duplicates compared to the neofunctionalized (Wilcoxon test, P < 2.5E-61) and specialized genes (Wilcoxon test, P < 2.3E-42) (Fig. 5 B).