Barely Significant
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may be significant

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In the literature

Disability is reported in more than 90% of ET patients who seek medical care and may be significant enough to warrant invasive surgery such as deep brain stimulation (DBS) or thalamotomy ( 21 ).
However, considering the short gestation in rats (22.5 days) and mice (19.5 days), and their consequently faster brain development, compared to the relatively long human gestation (280 days), there may be significant differences in the effect of a pharmacological intervention aimed at crucial brain-development-mediating elements such as NMDA receptors.
This study has the following limitations: (1) among the included literature, 9 were retrospective studies and only 2 were randomized controlled studies, with publication bias; (2) preoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy regiments are inconsistent in all studies, which may affect short-term prognosis and long-term survival of patients, and there may be significant heterogeneity among studies; (3) some included studies did not provide standard deviations, which were estimated approximately by the Hozo algorithm, and there may be outcome measurement bias; (4) the results of long-term prognosis of patients in the included studies are insufficient, and more reports of long-term follow-up results of studies are expected.
The apparent contrast between the present study and earlier findings [ 43 ] [ 45 ] may thus suggest that metformin acts (1) on GLP-1 secretion independently of AMPK, as recently reported in studies of hepatic gluconeogenesis [ 47 ], or (2) that there may be significant differences between the impact of acute and chronic activation of L-cell AMPK on a “gut-brain-liver axis”, with the latter acting chiefly to alter cell mass.