Excerpts

While a similar trend was seen when using the continuous exposure measure, the difference did not reach statistical significance (Table 3 , p = 0.018 with threshold of 0.017 after Bonferroni’s adjustment).

IMD rank showed a significant trend (p=0.018) towards increasing mortality but only groups 3 and 4 remained significant (p=0.001 and p=<0.001 respectively).

A decreasing trend of the age-standardized rate was also seen in both sexes (males: AAPC =−5.18%, P = 0.019; females: AAPC =−3.34%, P = 0.046).

A formal test showed that a model without sex differences did not worsen the fit of the model significantly, based on a p-value threshold of 0.01 but this test was borderline significant (p = 0.0195).

Temporal trend A stationary trend in the incidence rate was observed (APC = 0.61, p = 0.763) for the total outbreaks, whereas a decreasing trend was noted for outbreaks with known etiological agents (APC=-4.35, p = 0.020) (Fig. 5 ).

In the overall model, Education remained significant (aPR: 1.20, p = 0.03), whereas Labour Intensive Services, which was significant in the primary analysis, lost its significance (aPR: 1.04, p = 0.63) and Knowledge Intensive Services which showed a trend in the primary analysis became significant (aPR: 1.21, p = 0.02).

There was a decreasing trend among women in the sum of changes over the study period ( p = 0.022).

The observed differences between the expected and performed values for the years 2016 and 2022 were highly significant ( p = 0,025).

Collectively, the data showed marginally significant difference across genders ( p = 0.028).

Differences in mean baseline BP across sub-populations stratified by level of OPA, LTPA, and use of anti-hypertensives showed an overall trend ( p value ≤0.03, except for those stating their OPA to be “Moderate and strenuous - with occupational lifting” and not using anti-hypertensives) of the higher the level of LTPA the lower mean BP across all levels of OPA, among those not using anti-hypertensives.

Furthermore, a significant trend was observed among individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG; -0.16, 95% CI -0.30 to -0.01, P = 0.03), while no significant changes were found in those with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT; P = 0.40).These findings underscore the importance of dietary copper intake in reducing cardiovascular mortality among hypertensive patients across various demographic and clinical subgroups, with notable variations in effects based on ethnicity, education level, and diabetes status(see table 4 ).

As in the linear model, a sensitivity analysis with cost calculations excluding extra food and diapers also yielded very similar results, though the interaction term was non-significant, while the measure of complications was borderline significant (p = 0.03) and in the opposite direction.

A slight trend toward increased “guideline-adherent screening” was observed as enterprises expanded their approaches (β = 0.11, p = 0.03).

Among older African Americans, however, the association between having none or one vs two or more recent stressors strengthened over time (and marginally significant in 2012) to become more protective for SRH declines (time*stress, p = 0.033).

Over the past 12 months, 9.2% (147/1603) had experienced sexual violence, with a marginally significant difference between men and women (6.4% vs. 10.0%, p = 0.033).

Overall analyses revealed a remarkably significant association between long sleep duration and all-cause mortality (adjusted HR = 1.24, 95% CI: 1.16–1.33, P < .001), whereas only marginal significance was observed for short sleep duration (adjusted HR = 1.04; 95% CI: 1.00–1.09; P = .033).

However, in MEDAS, there was a marginal trend indicating that participants with higher body fat were less likely to adhere to the Mediterranean diet (OR = 0.831, 95% CI: 0.697–0.989, p = 0.038).

Residents who lived in large homes exhibited a negative trend across the categories ( p = 0.038).

In spatio-temporal analysis, only a single large cluster (radius > 9 km) was found to be marginally significant (p = 0.04) during October 2011 (data not shown).

For those who did not quit at Wave 2 but expressed intentions to quit in the future, there was a marginally significant association with risk-minimizing beliefs at Wave 1 (OR = 1.39, SE = 0.22, p = 0.04), primarily driven by the belief that “smoking tobacco is no more risky than lots of other things people do” (OR = 1.45, SE = 0.19, p = 0.007).

Within the included studies, a significant trend over time was observed for obesity rates in girls in all included studies (p=0.04) but not in boys (p=0.2).

An increasing trend was observed among men who had at least two positive lifestyle changes across the study period ( p = 0.041) (Table 1 ).

Additionally, there was a marginally significant association between believing that the vaccines are effective against early circulating strains and increased vaccine acceptance ( p = 0.042, OR = 3.56, 95% CI: 1.04–12.1).

Both parents current tobacco-smoke exposure and number of cigarettes/day (data not shown) were not related to asthma, whereas maternal history of smoking was slightly significant (p = 0.042).

In terms of 'caseness' (any participant with a score greater than 8), a marginally significant difference was found between the teams at 7 months post injury with regard to depression ( p = 0.044), with the intervention group having a lower number of participants reporting depression compared to the control group.