Excerpts

The quadratic regression model exhibited exceptional statistical validity with an F-value of 204.51 and a highly significant p -value (<0.01) ( Table S6 ).

A clear trend was observed where the weight loss in the first stage (Δ w 1 ) decreased with increasing TA concentration (from 6.98% in BL to 4.89% in BL 5%TA ).

However, their total recoveries showed a decreasing trend, primarily attributable to the solubility limitation of pumpkin seed proteins during enzymatic digestion.

On day 12, the carbonyl content in the CK, PE, and GOP 0% groups had sharply increased to 2.06 ± 0.12, 1.92 ± 0.07, and 1.70 ± 0.04 nmol/mg prot, respectively, indicating a pronounced trend of oxidative deterioration.

The significance levels were defined as follows: p > 0.05 was considered not significant, p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, and p < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

Between 1700 and 1800 nm, C–H absorption peaks associated with lipids showed a decreasing trend over time, suggesting possible lipid oxidation or compositional changes, particularly in Mulanhu multigrain eggs, which demonstrated a more pronounced reduction, likely related to their lipid-rich composition [ 53 ].

The above-described morphological effects are caused by the intercalation process during which the intercalate locates between the graphene layers, which is commonly accompanied by the more or less significant damage of graphite matrix.

Further, cscA homologs also showed a significant increase exclusively in responders, with no significant changes in non-responders ( Figure 4 c), and the change in abundance (Δ cscA ) showed a trend toward being greater in responders ( Figure 4 d).

The rheological behavior index values show an increasing trend with milk fat content and were well below 1.0, confirming the shear-thinning nature of the formulations.

The results demonstrate a clear trend where higher milk fat content facilitates easier spreading, while higher sucrose concentration contributes to greater resistance to deformation, making the paste more difficult to spread.

faecium WEFA23 significantly increases mRNA expression of ADCY2 ( p < 0.05), CCL5 ( p < 0.05), as well as CXCL9 ( p < 0.001), and a decreasing trend of ORAI3 , while deficiency of the OTC abolished the regulatory effect and achieved a result similar to L. monocytogenes exposure.

p < 0.05 was considered significant, and p < 0.01 was considered highly significant. 3.

Changes in Soluble Protein Content of Sweet Corn As shown in Figure 6 , the soluble protein content in both the FG and FV groups as well as the CK group exhibited a decreasing trend over the storage period.

During storage, the weight loss rates of the FG and FV groups as well as the CK group exhibited an increasing trend.

The particle size of BSF showed a trend of initially decreasing and then increasing with increases in the material ball ratio ( w / w ).

Intestinal microflora alpha diversity analysis revealed that although alcohol exposure did not cause statistically significant reductions in microbial species richness or diversity in the Model group, overall levels showed a decreasing trend.

The water content in the pixian douban is demonstrated in Figure 1 b, revealing a decreasing trend throughout fermentation.

That is, T 21 , T 22 , and T 23 decreased gradually together with their corresponding S 23 and S 22 , which had some fluctuation, but S21 presented a slightly increasing trend, and the decrease trend of S 23 was relatively more obvious than that of S 22 .

The EE showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with the change in hydrolysis time and the EE reached the peak of 73.69% at 5 h.

Overall, GMP levels exhibited a decreasing trend from C. sikamea to C. sinensis , with C. sinensis presenting significantly lower levels (196.48 mg/100 g) compared to the top-ranking species.

arguta showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing as the storage period progressed.

The 4CL activity showed an overall trend of an initial increase followed by a decline ( Figure 4 B).

Statistical significance was defined as two-sided p < 0.05, with p -values between 0.05 and 0.10 considered borderline significant. 3.

In contrast, the differences observed in food purchases driven by security needs are only marginally statistically significant.

As illustrated in Figure 10 c,d, the TSS and TA of the fresh-cut apples generally showed a decreasing trend across all apple groups during storage except for the AP group, which showed an increase in TSS in the initial storage period (0–3 d).