Excerpts

Prior studies reported that soil pH was not only strongly correlated to microbial community and diversity (Lei et al., 2018 ) but also had a highly significant relationship with relative fungal abundance; thus, pH was thought to be a significant factor in determining the distribution of soil microbial community (Oladele et al., 2019 ).

On the other hand, in the overfeeding group, the relative abundance of the dominant phyla of bacteria in each part of the intestinal tract changed with time, i.e., the relative abundance of Firmicutes showed a decreasing trend at the earlier stage and an increasing trend at the later stage, while the relative abundance of Proteobacteria showed an increasing trend at the earlier stage and decreased at a later stage.

Third, the relative abundance of Firmicutes in the jejunum and ileum over time under the states of overfeeding or no overfeeding showed a trend opposite to that of Proteobacteria.

As shown in Figure 6E , there were extremely significant differences in the compositions of Solobacterium , Lactobacillus , Family-XIII-AD3011-group, Eubacterium xylanophilum -group, Eubacterium coprostanoligenes -group, and Bifidobacterium between Tibetan and Yorkshire pigs.

In summary, in terms of SSA, lifestyles significantly affect the community compositions of Chinese gut microbiomes across species, genus, and family levels in all 7 ethnic groups (100%), except for the phylum level where the lifestyle effects are limited or partially significant (28%) in Tibetan and Mongolians but not significant in other 4 ethnic groups, and possibly significant in the Bai ethnic group.

The Bai ethnic group with P = 0.057 is on the boundary of significance and needs further investigation regarding the effects of lifestyles.

The effects of lifestyle were most conspicuous within the Mongol and Zhuang ethnic groups, while this impact was marginally significant in the Tibetan cohorts, and the Uyghur and Kazakh showed the smallest lifestyle-associated distances (Zhang et al., 2015 ).

The mAbG3 at 5, 10, and 20 μg concentrations showed a trend toward the enhancement of infectivity, but the CPE counts were not significantly different from the medium alone ( p > 0.05).

In particular, the deletion of genes encoding an EAL domain alone or in combination with a GGDEF domain resulted in minimal changes to overall c-di-GMP concentration, but highly significant differences in biofilm architecture ( Figures 3 , 4 ).

nidulans , an increasing trend in either NPAAs upon ChoDec supplementation was observed, but the overall amounts of Aib and ACC are substantially lower compared to the other two fungi.

Besides, the macrophage population positive for staining of KUL01 marker showed a trend to increase in proportion in lamina propria from ileum from 20Ch557/H6N2 chickens ( Figure 3C ), as described during LPAIV infection ( Abdul-Cader et al., 2018 ).

Rahnella , Lachnospiraceae AC2044 group , Ruminococcaceae UCG 005 , Unspecified Lachnospiraceae , Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group , and Ruminococcaceae UCG 010 showed extremely positive patterns, while Vibrio , Myroides , Morganella , Psychrobacter , and Arthrobacter showed a highly significant co-occurrence pattern.

(2011) reported a highly significant correlation between genome size and the number of duplicated genes.

As the number of our comparative strains is six, there will be a clear trend if they have enough strains.

coli of turkeys showed an increasing trend with the increase in the quantity of AMU ( Figure 2 ).

A positive trend was also observed during the non-flood season, but it did not present a high correlation coefficient or significance at the 5% level ( R 2 = 0.23, p = 0.47) ( Figure 4 ).

In the liquid-based assay, treatment with NaSa (0.1, 1, 10 mM) produced no effect on spa after 4 h, but an increasing trend in expression at ≤ 1 mM was observed after 24 h ( Figure 4B ).

The highest concentration of NaSa (10 mM) showed a decreasing trend in the secretion of Hla ( Figures 3A,B and Supplementary Material 3 ), ScpA ( Figures 3C,D and Supplementary Material 4 ) and Hld ( Figures 3E,F and Supplementary Material 5 ), whereas the secretion of Protein A ( Figures 3G,H and Supplementary Material 6 ) was not affected by NaSa.

In the present study, with the increase of ALG content, the encapsulation rate showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing ( Table 1 ).

In addition, the sparse curve of the Shannon index showed a trend toward saturation as presented in Figure 2D which illustrated sufficient sequencing depth.

An increasing trend in the incidence of UC has been reported in Asia ( Wei et al., 2021 ).

The rumen Bacteroidota and Firmicutes were higher in the rumen of yaks in the C50 group than in the C65 group, indicating a decreasing trend of rumen Bacteroidota and Firmicutes with increasing dietary concentrate levels, consistent with the results of past studies ( Nagaraja and Titgemeyer, 2007 ; Chiquette et al., 2008 ).

After orlistat intervention, although the F / B value showed a decreasing trend, the difference was not statistically significant ( Figure 5F ).

p -values ranged from 0.06 to 0.078, indicating a strong trend toward significance ( Table 4 ).

Dongia , Ohtaekwangia , Reyranella , and other nutrient cycling-related bacteria also showed an increasing trend in the diseased plant soil ( Piubeli et al., 2019 ; Sun et al., 2020 ; Zhang et al., 2020 ).