Excerpts

The low rate of engagement in PD activities (with a decreasing trend from private institute to state school teachers) for some of the participants seems to reflect their dissatisfaction with their choice of language teaching as a career.

In respect of the analysis of causal relationships (of constructed model), it depends on whether if the coefficient of the standardized route approaches statistical significance, and the explanatory capacity of the R square determination model ( Fornell and Larcker, 1981b ; Hair Jr. et al., 2014 ).

The binary logistic regression model ( Table 5 ) indicated that content quality and perceived usefulness were marginally statistically significant attitudes towards the acceptance of online learning among first-year medical students. 3.3.

For example, Hamari (2017) introduced badge-based gamification in a commercial context, and reported a significant trend toward more active use of the service in general, including posting trade proposals, executing trades, and commenting on proposals.

brucei infection accounts for 52.47% of the total variance (F (1, 16) = 30.72, p < 0.0001) and this is considered extremely significant.

The sand and silt particle size distribution in most of the studied pedons shows a decreasing trend across the soil depth ( Table 3 ).

The soil pH (H 2 O) value was generally revealed a slightly increasing trend with depth.

In order to find out if there is a significant trend within the rainfall series studied, a Mann- Kendall test was carried out.

Likewise, these local perceptions were found to be similar to those reported in earlier studies which indicated a decreasing trend in rainfall and an increase in temperature over the last decades in many African countries ( Gbetibouo, 2009 ; Ouédraogo et al., 2010 ; Vissoh et al., 2012 ; Tamiru et al., 2014 ; Opiyo et al., 2015 ; Ndamani and Watanabe, 2016 ).

The pH did not show a clear trend from upstream through midstream to downstream.

Al 2 O 3 versus MgO shows a positive trend in the Oligocene tholeiite basalts, possibly indicating fractionation of plagioclase and olivine, which is a typical fractionation feature in the tholeiitic magmatic series.

The difference in days to anthesis was moderately significant statistically ( Table 2 ).

A chi-square test was applied with P-value = 0.000 (highly significant).

Indeed, direct exposure to secondary BAs caused a decreasing trend in cytokine production, but this effect was less visible after exposure to sulfated secondary BAs.

Interestingly, protein levels of OCLN and ZO1 were not affected by BA exposure, whereas expression of OCLN , ZO1 , CDH1 and CLDN1 followed an increasing trend after exposure to most BAs, although these differences were not significant ( Figure 2 C-H).

Cluster 2 did not show an additional statistically significant change, although changes in some items showed marginal significance.

However, with increasing plant distance from RWH systems, there was a variation in moisture content in a decreasing trend.

In the current research, the maximum flows simulated in the 1976–2100 period were evaluated in the scenarios described in Table 2 based on the precipitation series of the weather station 2121060, which shows an increasing trend, and the weather station 21245040 with no trend detected.

In the first year, CWSI amount showed an increasing trend from April (0.071) in well-watered of Goldasht to July (0.831) in most severe water stress treatment of Local Isfahan because of increment in Tc-Ta differential and higher VPD amounts (Figures 2 and 3 ) during the reproductive stage of safflower ( Table 4 ).

In a 60 days cultured period both growth rate and yield showed an increasing trend.

The CO 2 profile ( Figure 5 ) shows a decreasing trend with a gentle slope along the module length.

On the other hand, splitting tensile strength at early days shows a decline for increasing SD from 20% to 50%, but strength shows an increasing trend for increasing NF (0.25%–0.50%) and WC (0.45–0.5).

86.05% of the vegetated areas (mainly located in the low to mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere) showed a slightly increasing trend (less than 20 g C/m 2 /year).

Overall, BTCH-GPP shows an increasing trend in average annual GPP from 1980 to 2018. 86.05% of the vegetated areas (mainly located in the low to mid-latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere) showed a slightly increasing trend (less than 20 g C/m 2 /year).

The only tool for which the gap between knowledge and usage was not significant was video conferencing, although even this showed a trend for higher level of knowledge than usage.