Excerpts

In contrast to the reduction of plasma lipids in response to walnut supplementation observed in WT mice, MetS-Tg mice demonstrated a strong trend for increased cholesterol and triglycerides with walnuts.

Sex and having a job were not associated with the prevalence of adherence to MDP, although this latter was almost significant.

Statistical significance of the findings was as follows: p -value < 0.05 was considered significant, while p -value ≥ 0.05 and < 0.1 was considered marginally significant. 3.

With the current data, authors suggest that lutein could be the responsible molecule for the different anti-mutagenic activity of two varieties, as although lutein is not genotoxic, it is at the limit of significance.

Daily dietary xylitol at exposure levels ranging between 1.5–4.0 g/kg body weight in combination with a HFD showed a trend towards increased expression of hepatic ChREBP mRNA and a reduction in hepatic triglycerides and total cholesterol as reported in a previous study [ 8 ].

Choline Metabolites To determine whether choline metabolites were associated with fetal growth, we performed regression analyses of placental metabolites and fetal and placental growth parameters, adjusting for choline treatment group, fetal genotype and sex, litter size, and maternal identifier ( Table 3 , highly significant relationships between metabolites and growth outcomes shown in Figure 3 ).

Furthermore, in the self-reported NCWS subjects we observed a higher frequency of anxiety and depression than in controls, which was very close to being statistically significant.

As expected, the two carotenoid values have a highly significant positive correlation.

p -values between 0.005 and 0.05 were also reported and considered nominally significant. 3.

Additionally, there was a combined effect of sleep duration and dietary antioxidant vitamin consumption on the odds of being obese: participants with a short sleep duration and low dietary antioxidant vitamin consumption exhibited an increasing trend in the odds of being obese compared with those with a high consumption of dietary antioxidant vitamins, whereas the participants with an optimal sleep duration did not have increased odds of being obese, regardless of dietary antioxidant vitamin consumption.

There was also a strong trend to less IgE-associated eczema, but there was no difference in “any IgE-mediated disease”.

A trend towards significance was seen between tanned skin colour (ITAF score) and serum 25(OH)D concentrations.

There are several studies in morbidly obese individuals that found a significant [ 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 ] or borderline significant [ 62 , 63 ] inverse relationship between BMI and 25(OH)D concentrations, with small to large effect sizes.

One longitudinal cohort study [ 142 ] with a mean follow-up of 14 years, which included 24,032 participants aged 44–74 years, reported a borderline significant interaction by genotype of the FADS SNP rs174546 on the incidence of CVD by PUFA intake levels.

We performed genome-wide allele-specific methylation (ASM) with the FADS1 SNP, rs174537 in 144 human liver samples and identified highly significant ASM with CpG sites between FADS1 and FADS2 in a enhancer signature region [ 150 ], leading to the hypothesis that the associations of rs174537 with LC-PUFA levels may be impacted by the methylation status of that enhancer region.

Another systematic review by the same author addressed the effectiveness of supplementation on ROP and found a positive trend towards a beneficial effect, although it did not reach statistical significance [ 52 ].

Iran’s national elimination program for iodine deficiency disorder (IDD), launched in 1994 and evaluated every 5 years, indicates iodine sufficiency [ 17 ]; although, the median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) has shown a decreasing trend over time, and some recent reports indicate iodine deficiency in parts of Iran [ 18 ].

Trabecular bone density increased with QBA treatment in female mice, but only an increasing trend was detected in male mice.

For example, one recent review of 63 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of dietary supplements in Western adults found that in 45 of them no benefits were found, 10 showed a trend toward harm and 2 showed a trend toward benefit, while 4 reported actual harm, and 2 both harms and benefits; only vitamin D and omega 3 fatty acids had strong enough benefits and lack of harm to suggest possible efficacy [ 3 ].

A recent comprehensive meta-analysis including 143 studies on the association between isoflavone intake and cancer risk distinguished results by study design as only prospective studies are considered valid to draft evidence of association between foods and health outcome: the report showed significant results for the association between isoflavone intake and decreased risk of stomach and lung cancer, while nearly significant decreased risk of breast and colorectal cancer [ 340 ].

Age ( p = 0.081) also showed a trend toward negative association with SI.

However, in the whole sample, VO 2max was maintained in the last equation of the backward regression model as an independent predictor variable for SI, with values close to significance.

Very vigorous PA ( p = 0.096) and aerobic capacity ( p = 0.079) also demonstrated a positive trend with SI.

While the prevalence of high transferrin levels was almost insignificant, the prevalence of low levels was evident, as 9% of the prospective patients had concentrations of transferrin below the reference range.

In developing countries, despite its relatively low prevalence (<20 per 100,000), prostate cancer has shown an increasing trend in recent decades [ 2 ].