Excerpts

We did observe a borderline significant association between nitrate intake from non-vegetable food sources and IOP (beta (95% CI): −0.45 (−0.96–0.06) for each 10 mg/day higher intake) ( p -trend = 0.09).

Barriers and facilitators to dairy product consumption in Iran has been reviewed by Rabiei et al., identifying a decreasing trend and a different pattern of consumption by age category [ 30 ].

A p value less than 0.05 was considered to be significant, while a p value less than 0.1 was considered to be marginally significant.

T max was lower after M2SH intake compared to after HEM intake with a borderline significance.

As such, there may be significant association between blood chromium levels and DM for women also.

For all models with significant or almost significant (tendency) interactions, residuals were Gaussian.

At the genus level, Bifidobacterium , one of the taxa responsible for lactate and acetate metabolism, showed an increasing trend in treated versus placebo subjects.

In addition, the OAGB group showed a trend of significant improvement in LDL when compared with SG.

Weight-Related Anthropometric Measurements At T1, one year after the surgery, there is a borderline significance for slightly lower weight for OAGB, as well as a trend for slightly higher BMI for SG groups.

Approximately 25% of subjects develop pouchitis a year after IPAA with an increasing trend that reaches up to 45% at 5 years [ 29 ].

The data obtained in patients admitted in 2020 showed a trend towards a reduced mortality compared to patients admitted in 2019 (32.3% vs. 38.0%, respectively, Supplementary Figure S1 ) although no statistical significance ( p = 0.217) between study periods was reached.

The association between SFA and TrFA intake and Tyzzerella was borderline significant after adjusting for dietary quality.

In both crude and age-adjusted analyses, a negative trend was observed for exposure to FOPL and family income, with individuals from lower-income families having greater exposure to FOPL than higher-income individuals.

In detail, participants in the highest quintile of the TLI (highest scores) had 3.7% less risk for developing dementia per year of follow-up compared with those in the lowest quintile, with a significant trend for a dose–response association ( Table 3 ).

Other nutritional biomarkers and factors showed a trend that failed to reach significance in the regression, i.e., BMI, lipid profile, vitamins (D and B12), and total energy intake. 4.1.

Combined supplementation of all components, but not individual ingredients independently, resulted in increased contact hypersensitivity responsiveness (measured by the level of ear swelling after hapten challenge with oxazolone solution topical applied to ear pinnae), decreased total n-6 content in cell membranes of splenocytes, reduced plasma levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, and PGE 2 ), and a strong trend towards improved immune response was observed [ 141 ].

In fact, cells treated with FCs at 50 μg/mL showed a significant increase in PPARγ gene expression, while for C/EBPα, an increasing trend was found.

Participants in the KD diet group showed significant improvements on the nonmotor daily living experiences part of the MDS-UPDRS, as well as a nonsignificant trend for improvement on the motor examination part compared to the low-fat diet group.

This may lead to dysbiosis and, for host-microbe systems, affect the capacity to perform functions that are important for the host; the clinical implications may be significant [ 34 ].

A review of 63 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials of dietary supplements in Western adults found that in 45 of them no benefits were observed, 10 showed a trend toward harm, and 2 showed a trend toward benefit, while 4 reported actual injury and 2 reported both harms and benefits.

Adjusted HRs and propensity scores were calculated for the main confounding variables and showed that exposure to GDM and T2D was associated with a similar increase for the risk of CVD of about 40%, although at the limit of significance for O-T2D.

In the case of O-T1D, a borderline significant association was seen between maternal blood glucose in the third trimester and offspring risk of the metabolic syndrome, which was only present in the unadjusted analysis.

Although only marginally significant, adults with OD are also more likely to have the lowest IPR. 3.2.

The results for the full sample and follow-up period ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 and Table 2 ) revealed a positive trend in the association between the Western dietary pattern and CRC risk that gained strength when the analyses were restricted to the first 10 years of follow-up, with a 53% increase in CRC risk for participants in the highest quartile of adherence (HR Q4vs.Q1 (95% CI): 1.53 (0.99–2.36)) and a non-negligible positive trend that, despite not being totally linear ( Figure 2 ), seemed to be fairly steady (HR 1SD-increase (95% CI): 1.17 (0.99–1.37); p for trend = 0.087; p -value for the curvature of splines = 0.173).

The authors observed that compared to the MOD-MEDDP, the WDP was significantly associated with a higher risk of frailty when stratified by sex and a borderline significance when analyzing the whole sample whereas no significant difference was observed when compared with the HI-MEDDP.