Excerpts

Their sample showed a trend towards a decrease of body mass and body fat, with a significant 8% decrease of energy intake by the 21st day of Ramadan.

While these changes did not result in the athletes reaching their individual goals, the results demonstrated a positive trend toward achieving these goals.

In a follow-up study of the preterm infants randomised to breast milk or pre-term formula, differences in total cholesterol between the groups at age 13–16 years were of borderline significance [ 65 ], but there were differences in other lipoproteins, including a lower ratio of LDL to HDL cholesterol in the breast milk group. 3.5.2.

Although IRS-2 protein was also reduced in ethanol-fed rats, the difference from control only constituted a statistical trend.

Several studies have shown that practicing a good conduct of behavior combined with a nutritious diet and treatment with rasāyanā plants lead to a highly significant improvement in combating various geriatric diseases and augmenting body immunity [ 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 ]. Āyurvedic texts have described in vivid detail a very wide array of ingredients, including a proper moral code of conduct and personal hygiene, to lead a long, healthy life with enhanced brain functions.

In Italy, fortification with folic acid is not mandatory, although there is an increasing trend for food manufacturers to voluntarily fortify breakfast cereals, which are not frequently used by the general population [ 22 ].

The difference in post treatment regarding MS count between test and control group was not statistically significant, while the difference in follow-up was highly significant [ 16 ].

A meta-analysis [ 15 ] of four genetic association studies [ 19 , 20 , 22 , 25 ], for a total of 354 MDS and 644 control mothers, was performed in 2009 to address the role of the RFC-1 80A>G polymorphism as a maternal risk factor for the birth of a child with DS, and showed a trend toward an association under the dominant model (GG + AG vs .

Although the association of diet with allergic diseases has been studied worldwide, their findings are contradictory and sometimes barely significant.

The Effect of Use of Hormonal Contraceptives on Calcium Homeostasis and Bone Turnover As shown in Table 2 , plasma concentrations of phosphate and osteocalcin were borderline significant lower in users-compared with non-users of HC; whereas no other measured indices differed between groups. 4.

In addition, they also noted an increasing trend with other pro-inflammatory markers like TNF-α and IL-6 with overweight/obesity.

The sensitivity analysis in which one study at a time was omitted generally showed statistically significant or marginally significant results; the pooled ORs ranged from 0.64 (95% CI, 0.46–0.89) to 0.78 (95% CI, 0.57–1.07).

Those with the highest magnesium intake had 51% lower risk of developing diabetes than those with the lowest intake, and there was a significant trend across increasing quartile categories of intake in these middle-aged adults, even after adjustment for a number of risk and lifestyle factors, including dietary fiber intake.

The question was able to detect an increasing trend in intake (relative to three dietary recalls) in the non-Indigenous children; however, this trend was not evident in the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children [ 29 ].

Although this reach may be significant, fiber consumption rates have not responded, suggesting the need for more prominence and clarity in DGA and MyPlate to better identify good sources of fiber and key benefits of increasing fiber intakes that resonate more clearly with consumers.

We similarly observed a trend toward an increase in ABCA1 protein in the EGG group from baseline to week 12 ( P = 0.07; data not shown), as well as a strong trend toward greater percent change in ABCA1 protein from baseline in the EGG group (+5.5% ± 9.4%) when compared to the SUB group (−1.9% ± 7.1%) ( Figure 3 E).

[ 59 ] showed highly significant improvements in memory in older women with MCI.

We found a significant trend for lower serum tHcy and MMA concentrations as quintiles of serum vitamin B 12 increased.

In spite of these findings, the minor beneficial effect may be significant in an elite competitive sport setting [ 10 ], although this remains unresolved.

Thus, a nominally significant, yet plausible, interaction between total zinc intake and the SLC30A8 rs11558471 variant on fasting glucose levels was observed.

In addition, RGE-treated mice showed a trend of increasing the levels of IFN-γ cytokine in BALF although there were no statistically significant differences compared to untreated RSV-infected control mice ( Figure 5 C,F).

It is a highly significant finding in this study that the treatment of RGE increased the population of dendritic cells and enhanced the production of antiviral cytokine IFN-γ in BAL fluids upon RSV infection.

Significant positive correlations were found between FFQ and plasma carotenoids for α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein/zeaxanthin (52%, 47%, 26%, p < 0.001, 0.003, 0.041; respectively) and relationships between plasma carotenoids (except lycopene) and weight status metrics (BMI, waist circumference, fat mass) were negative and highly significant.

There is a lack of consistency between these data, as having a zinc intake below the recommended RDA was not a risk factor for having low plasma zinc concentrations in the children (RR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.82–1.28) and only borderline significant in the women (RR = 1.15, 95% CI 1.00–1.32).

Furthermore, the association of low 25(OH)D with total CVD and CHD incidence was borderline significant, but this excess risk can be ascribed to the fatal events in these outcomes that combine non-fatal and fatal events.