Excerpts

Changes in the CD4 + /CD8 + ratio approached significance in the 2000 IU/day group ( p = 0.05).

Maternal iron supplementation in pregnancy was associated with increased offspring weight ( p = 0.005), head circumference ( p = 0.02), BMI ( p = 0.01), and skinfold thicknesses in three of the four sites ( p = 0.03–0.003) (the fourth having a borderline significance of p = 0.05) ( Table 3 ).

Statistical significance was accepted at p < 0.05, and differences were considered approaching significance between p = 0.05 and 0.10.

Similarly, a decreasing trend in Adiponectin gene expression was found for the 50μg/mL dosage of FCa, which became significant when FCa 80 μg/mL was tested ( p < 0.05).

We saw a significant increase in child’s weight overtime for both group ( p -value = 0.023), and there was borderline significant difference in the weight change from baseline between intervention and comparison group ( p -value = 0.050).

Within−time correlations revealed that dietary restraint was positively associated with concurrent weight at grade 4 and was trending toward significance at grade 3 (grade 3: B = 0.03, p = 0.05 grade 4: B = 0.03, p = 0.002).

Given the exploratory nature of the work, marginally significant results ( p = 0.05 to p = 0.08) were also identified where these conferred with significant effects in a similar measure, to ensure no effects were missed. p -values are used to denote effects of interest considering the absence of any suggestion at present on the clinical significance of any measure of sweet taste liking or preference [ 31 ]. 3.

Postprandial Blood Biomarkers in Response to a Meal Challenge (MC) The 360 min iAUCs of glucose showed a trend for a difference between the three diets ( p = 0.05), but no effect of the period.

The borderline significance ( p = 0.050) and wide confidence interval (0.00, 1.07) for the overestimation–restriction for weight control association suggest the estimate is unstable and should not be interpreted as reliable evidence of an effect without replication in a larger, more balanced sample.

Small doses of allulose did not have a significant effect on HbA 1c and fasting insulin ( p > 0.05), while the reduction in fasting glucose was of borderline significance ( p = 0.05).

Notably, while TNF-α levels showed a decreasing trend following probiotic treatments, no statistically significant difference was observed compared to the MC group ( p > 0.05).

An increasing trend in the body weight gain was observed in mice of both groups ( p < 0.05), with a percentage increase of 50.47% recorded in ApoE −/− mice fed HFD and 40.94% in ApoE −/− fed HFD + APH.

In maternal breastmilk samples on days 14 and 28, no SCFAs were significantly different for infants with BPD compared to no BPD, or ROP compared to no ROP, after adjusting for multiple comparisons ( Table 3 ); however, in infants’ stool samples on day 14, acetic acid approached significance for infants with BPD compared to no BPD (446 ± 564 vs. 1000 ± 712 μg/g, adjusted p = 0.05) ( Table 4 ).

The Ace index was significantly lower in the PA_HFD group than in the HFD group ( p < 0.01), and the Chao index showed a decreasing trend ( p > 0.05) ( Figure 6 A,B).

After adjustment, the associations between FTO and baseline BMI remained borderline significant ( p = 0.050).

Incident T2D, CHF, and CKD were associated with a steeper decline in RMR, independent of age, sex, and body composition ( p < 0.05), while incident OA was associated with an increase in RMR with marginal significance ( p = 0.05) ( Figure 2 and Figure 3 A).

In a study conducted by Head, marginally significant ( p = 0.05) increases in overall consumption were observed using weighed plate waste in four North Carolina elementary schools exposed to nutrition education with a focus on basic nutrition and dietary patterns [ 107 ].

Finally, in the old groups, our investigations revealed that p16 exhibited a decreasing trend when comparing the control with the treated cells; in particular, p16 expression was significantly reduced in the fibroblasts treated with both CP ( p = 0.05) and Voghera pepper extracts ( p = 0.02) ( Figure 9 , Panel Z, right) ( Table 7 ). 3.6.

There was a trend towards an increase in the proportion of patients classified as sarcopenic; however, this did not reach statistical significance (OR = 2.4, 95%CI = [1.0, 6.0]; p = 0.05).

When we compared the postprandial leptin levels between the HC and HF-meals, we found that men with normal body weight showed a tendency, which was on the margin of significance ( p = 0.05), to higher leptin concentrations 240 min after the HC-meal intake ( Figure 2 B).

FTT, one of the most frequently reported extra intestinal manifestation [ 28 ], showed a decreasing trend at older ages (chi square, p > 0.05).

When examining weight loss categorically (achievement of 5% weight loss or more), however, there was a marginally significant interaction between Weighing at post and food addiction (χ 2 (1) = 3.98, p = 0.05) and significant main effects of Weighing at post (χ 2 (1) = 10, p = 0.002) and food addiction (χ 2 (1) = 4.73, p = 0.03).

In comparison, participants in the active condition reported cooking significantly more lunches at 6 months compared with baseline, while the group change in number of dinners cooked was nearly significant ( p = 0.05) and the change in breakfasts cooked was not significant.

Some genetic variants of genes encoding crystallin proteins and antioxidant enzymes have been reported to contribute to the underlying mechanisms of ARC, but the reported results were only marginally significant ( p = 0.05) or non-significant [ 3 , 5 , 6 ].

There was a marginally significant ( p = 0.05) effect of condition on bids, with 13.0% lower bids after glucose and 16.6% lower bids after sucralose (both relative to water).