Excerpts

Controlling for both the increase in the population size, the time period (phase) and the presence of barnacle geese showed highly significant differences in numbers among the three categories, i.e., no scaring, intermediate scaring and intensive scaring.

Along the transect, plants allocated, correspondingly, less biomass to root system for taking up soil water and more biomass to shoot system for light, leading to a decreasing trend in root/shoot ratios from west to east.

An interesting trend was observed for Cyclophilin A, which is readily detectable in (ND) cells throughout the cytoplasm and toward the PM.

Similarity tests revealed a highly significant difference among the three habitats.

In contrast, no significant association between life satisfaction and risk of myocardial infarction was detected except for a borderline significant trend across categories in the age- and center-stratified model in women (p for trend = 0.052, table 5 ).

Stratified analysis showed that low life satisfaction was associated with an increased cancer risk in men consuming less than 10g alcohol per day (HR for linear trend: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.01-1.41) and a contrary—but only borderline significant—association was observed in men consuming more than 40g alcohol per day (HR for linear trend: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67-1.01).

In line with these data on disease progression ( Figure 3A ), we also observed statistically highly significant differences in terms of overall survival (OS) between the two groups.

At 24 h post-challenge, while inter-treatment differences approached significance, the significance threshold was not crossed.

This may be significant in terms of establishing appropriate concentration gradients for chemoattractants that direct cells to the luminal or subepithelial compartments.

Moreover, we observed an increasing trend of root respiration with an increase in SOC ( Fig. 8B ) although statistical test was not significant.

In both ECM and CM the timing of treatment is highly significant: high efficacy at late stages of disease, when clear signs of cerebral damage are present, increase the chances for success.

At P14, there was an apparent trend towards fewer Ki67+YFP+ cortical cells in iCdk5 vs.

There was a strong trend towards fewer YFP+ cells in iCdk5 vs.

The induction of Ucp1 mRNA was also diminished, although the data only achieved borderline significance.

The criterion for statistical significance between the groups was as follows: p value <0.05 was considered significant and marked as *, <0.01 as highly significant and marked as **, <0.001 as very highly significant and marked as ***.

Our results show that the TPN does not display differences across the sampled areas ( Figure 3c ); however, it does show a clear trend with depth ( Figure 3d ), as a bell shaped distribution with maxima at 2,000 m in depth, as already described for other deep-sea fauna [ 75 , 80 ].

In our study, the viral load was treated as a continuous variable and, despite being marginally significant in the bivariate analysis, it was considered to be relevant in the discriminant model.

Multivariate analysis showed that the odds ratio for weaning success remained significant for hemoglobin levels of 8–10 g/dL (adjusted OR, 3.3; 95% CI, 1.07–10.15) with borderline significance for hemoglobin level > 10 g/dL (adjusted OR, 2.95, 95% CI, 0.88–9.96).

After Bonferroni correction, only rs4305 and rs3802230 were still significant, the other 4 SNPs were marginally significant.

Lastly, grip strength correlated inversely with serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, TGFB1 and MMP2, and showed a strong trend towards correlating with serum CTGF levels.

However, the NOD2 rs9302752A/G variant was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Indian clinically classified leprosy patients and marginally significant in control group.

The indicator of a significant trend was the P -value of the regression coefficient (β for step length and c for step width).

These results indicate a highly significant association between the mutation and disease (P Fisher = 1.4×10 −8 ) when comparing genotyped homozygous affected dogs (n = 6) and dogs free of PRA using Fisher’s exact test.

Patients with a psychiatric disorder and a history of severe symptoms (indicated by referral to the central mental hospital) showed a trend towards being more likely to have been tested for HIV compared to patients without referral (OR 2.3; CI = 0.96–5.91).

Although these latter results were only marginally significant and should therefore be interpreted with caution, they may provide some insight into past research that has confounded exclusive self-interest with actions that benefit one’s self while actively harming another party [2] , [3] .