Excerpts

The overall distribution of average within-pair DNA methylation differences showed a highly significant skew to the right in ASD-discordant twins ( P <2.2e−16, Kolmogorov–Smirnov test), with a higher number of CpG sites demonstrating a larger average difference in DNA methylation.

As shown in Figure 4E and Figure S4B , genes that retain H3K27me3 in mutant iPSC showed indeed a highly significant stronger enrichment for this mark in control iPSC cells, both in terms of maximum height and average read density (p-value<2.2e-16, two tailed t-Test).

For both the OE and VNO, the correlation values were highly significant ( P < 2.20 × 10 −16 ), and the correlation coefficients between samples from the same subspecies were higher than those found between samples from different subspecies ( Supplementary Table S5 ).

The ability of DEcode to predict global DE prior ranks was highly significant (P < 2.2e-16) and practically relevant (Spearman's rho = 0.53) ( Extended Data Figure 3a ).

The difference in the location of the median for the success statistic distributions obtained using the two approaches was highly significant ( p < 2.2e‐16) for all three drugs and showed that the PopPK approach performed significantly better than a standard NCA approach.

IAPs are specific targets of Dnmt1’s de novo activity Next, we compared the DMR distribution over genomic features and found a highly significant enrichment at LTRs, which is independent of regional CpG density ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 , Wilcoxon test, DMRs compared with CRs; Fig. 2e and Extended Data Fig. 2b ).

Using a pairwise comparison of 5286 genes with adjP ≤ 0.1 for log fold change of WT MR versus WT Con and NRF2 KO MR versus NRF2 KO Con, the correlation of the effect of MR in the two genotypes was highly significant (R 2 = 0.64, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 , Supplementary Figure S2 ).

Correlation between tests was highly significant for both tissue types, but stronger for leaf tissue (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.83) than cotyledons (p <2.2 × 10 −16 ; r = 0.72).

Interestingly, we have observed a much higher number of negatively correlated mRNAs than positively correlated ones with the medians of 430 and 1,022 for the positively and negatively co-expressed transcripts respectively, and the trend towards negative correlation was highly significant ( p value <2.2E16, Wilcoxon signed rank test) (Fig. 2 e, Additional file 1 : Supplemental Table S4).

RNA-seq and CAGE of CdLS neurons showed highly significant overlap (Odds ratio = 11.86, P < 2.2e-16).

There was a highly significant correlation (Spearman’s rho of 0.81, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) of the PBMC expression changes 6 h after HIIT and HBO 2 ( Figure 5 D).

The richness of species and genera were higher in the historic samples than in the recent samples, but proportions of endemic genera and species were lower in the historic samples ( table 2 ). Highly significant declines were documented both in the numbers of species ( p = 2.20 × 10 −16 ) and genera ( p = 1.13 × 10 −10 ) between the 1940s and the present ( table 1 ).

While the remaining 533 genes were induced in both cell lines, there was a significant trend toward RBM12-dependent hyperactivation ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 by Wilcoxon signed rank test).

Remarkably, we found a highly significant increase in entropy in the converging sites of 0.005 increase in entropy per decade of age ( p value < 2.2e −16 ), and a stark contrast with the diverging sites, which significantly decrease entropy with age, and could be considered “anti-entropic” since they become more predictable with age (Fig. 5 B).

The polarity score analysis of all expressed ORFs revealed a small but highly significant shift of ribosomes toward the 5′ end of ORFs when RPLP1/2 were depleted (mean of the differences = 0.013, P = 2.2 × 10 −16 ) ( Supplementary Figure S12A ).

glaberrima are ∼99.5% identical on average, the differences in sequence conservation between promoters and intergenic sequences are small, but the large sample size assures that they are highly significant ( P value <2.2E−16).

We further validated the relationship between UMOD and NKCC2, by Taqman qRT-PCR, showing a highly significant correlation of expression (p = 2.2e−16, R = 0.844) (n = 86).

This comparison resulted in 196 common antigens out of 481, a highly significant overlap (odds ratio: 6.4088; 95% CI: 5.3011–7.7479; chi 2 p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

DNMT1-Dependent DNA Methylation in Adult Interneurons Affects Degradative Pathways In stark contrast to the comparison of the 18 months old genotypes, we determined a highly significant overlap ( P = 2.2E-16, Fisher’s Exact test for gene set enrichment analysis; odds ratio = 0.434) of 645 genes between young control and Dnmt1 knockout interneurons, which display significant differences in both DNA methylation and gene expression ( Pensold et al., 2020 ).

Bartlett’s test of sphericity was highly significant (χ2 = 362.49, df = 11, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), confirming that the correlation matrix was not an identity matrix and that the dataset had sufficient inter-variable relationships for factor analysis.

Out of 387 proteins associated with gestational age in human amniotic fluid, 225 (58%) were also associated with gestational age in rhesus and the correlation of effect sizes between the two species in the 225 overlapping false discovery rate (FDR) significant proteins was highly significant (R = 0.75; p < 2.2e–16; Fig. 4 ).

The correlation coefficients were highly significant in each case (PrEC: r = 0.80, p < 2.2e−16; LNCaP: r = 0.91, p < 2.2e−16; NPF: r = 0.84, p < 2.2e−16; CAF: r = 0.95, p < 2.2e−16), but not completely concordant with WGBS data (Additional file 5 : Figure S4A).

The difference in heteroplasmy between sexes was highly significant (129/0 males and 570/32 females,Chi-Square test, p- value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) and corroborates results from a previous study 24 .

Similarly, the differences in length and Alu count of the downstream intron between the predominant A5BS circRNAs and the other A5BS circRNAs were highly significant ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; Figure 4E , F ) while they were much less or not significant for the upstream flanking introns of A3BS circRNAs ( Supplementary Figure S5C, D ).

Furthermore, a linear model comparing the paired connectivity estimates from the 24-particle and 1-particle-per-day scenarios revealed a highly significant (p < 2.2e-16) and remarkably strong linear relationship, closely approaching a 1:1 correspondence (R-squared = 0.999; Fig. 3 ).