Excerpts

All reported correlations were highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

Comparison of variance in global methylation between the depressed twin and their unaffected co-twin revealed a highly significant increased genome-wide variance in twins with MDD in both the UK and Australian cohorts ( P < 2.2 × 10 -16 in both datasets).

The overlap between CNM genes and genes correlated with aging was highly significant (p < 2.2 × 10 –16 , Fisher’s exact test).

Besides mean values, the paired t tests of the IASs were highly significant between IASs from different SDs ( p < 2.2 × 10 − 16 ).

Lastly, we compared the average TE ages between SUO and SLO genes in human and revealed a highly significant difference (p<2.2e-16, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test), with the former at 16.1% and the latter at 21.3% sequence divergence from their consensus sequences (For reference, 16–18% of unconstrained nucleotides have been substituted since the split of primates from other mammalian orders [32] ).

Pearson's Chi-square test indicates that this difference is highly significant (p-value <2.2e-16).

Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed a highly significant increase in CNVs in these epithelial tissues compared with the B cells (P<2.2×10 −16 ), indicating that they could be considered tumor cells.

DNMT1-Dependent DNA Methylation in Adult Interneurons Affects Degradative Pathways In stark contrast to the comparison of the 18 months old genotypes, we determined a highly significant overlap ( P = 2.2E-16, Fisher’s Exact test for gene set enrichment analysis; odds ratio = 0.434) of 645 genes between young control and Dnmt1 knockout interneurons, which display significant differences in both DNA methylation and gene expression ( Pensold et al., 2020 ).

The ability of DEcode to predict global DE prior ranks was highly significant (P < 2.2e-16) and practically relevant (Spearman's rho = 0.53) ( Extended Data Figure 3a ).

Finally, we observed a highly significant increase (one-sided Student’s t -test, p = 2.2 × 10 −16 ) in average epistasis values in the winning CR genotypes compared with the overall population, indicating that positive epistasis plays an important role in determining the fittest genotypes in this selection (Fig. 5b ).

The correlation between the inbreeding coefficients and F ROH were also highly significant (F I: r = 0.71, P = 2.20 × 10 −16 ; F II: r = 0.72, P = 2.20 × 10 −16 ; F III: r = 0.83, P = 2.20 × 10 −16 ).

When examining 92 age‐associated metabolites, the correlation between the age beta coefficient was highly significant ( r = 0.79, p = 2.2e‐16; Figure S2B ), suggesting the reliability of our method. 91 of them changed with age in the same direction, among which 27 were statistically significant.

Analysis of application inflow Davies‘ test for significance of breakpoints resulted in a highly significant change in the slope of the participant inflow ( p -value < 2.2e − 16 ).

The two-factor Anova analyses using genomic distance types (intra- vs inter-zone configuration) and geographic zones as explicative variables of genomic distance were highly significant (p < 2.2 x 10 −16 ) for all comparisons, except for the general distances distribution between continental and islands species (2 Zones– Fig 3 ; 4 Zones– S3 Fig ; 6 Zones– S4 Fig ).

From 274 qRT–PCR experiments, a highly significant relationship was observed between these qRT–PCR data and stage-matched FPKM values (log 2 (qRT-PCR) versus log 2 (FPKM) linear correlation coefficient = 0.54, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ).

This revealed a highly significant association between gene age and expression specificity in both species ( D. melanogaster : χ 2 = 1092.66, df = 5, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ; A. aegypti : χ 2 = 890.74, df = 5, p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), indicating that stage‐specific genes are significantly enriched for evolutionarily young genes. 2.4.

All correlations were highly significant ( p -value < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), implying that site-specific PTM changes are consistently associated with deviations in protein abundance that cannot be explained by RNA-level changes alone ( Figure 7 b).

Although circRNA expression shows a clear trend for both positive (β = 1.121, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) and negative (β = −1.015, P < 2.2 × 10 −16 ) β values (effect size), there is no such trend in the mRNA expression (β = 0.0294, P = 0.8654; and β = −0.0339, P = 0.8639 for positive and negative β values, respectively).

This correlation was highly significant ( p < 2.2 × 10 −16 ), indicating that the observed similarity is unlikely to occur by chance. 2.4 Expression of PAMPs and DAMPs in Human and Murine pDCs Quantitative proteomic comparison of human and murine plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) revealed selective, pathway‐specific differences rather than global proteome shifts.

Notably, while the in vitro and the denatured control samples slightly but significantly anticorrelated (average PCC = −0.07, Edgington-combined FDR-adjusted P -value = 3.3e–6), a moderate yet highly significant correlation was instead detected between the in vivo and the denatured control samples (average PCC = 0.18, Edgington-combined FDR-adjusted P -value < 2.2e–16).

Distribution profiles of wtTrop-2 /∆cytoTrop-2 cells indicated a highly significant reduction in aggregates with respect to control cells (χ2 test P-value <2.2e−16).

The latter explanation is supported, because there is a highly significant between-haplotype component of variation for the trait ( P < 2.2 × 10 −16 for the whole data set; P between 4.1 × 10 −13 [L14] and 0.022 [L06] for the individual MA lines).

The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient of nucleotide diversity by gene between species was positive and highly significant for both diversity measures ( π : ρ = 0.36, P value < 2.2e-16; θ W : ρ = 0.38, P value < 2.2e-16) for a subset of 6,798 genes with these statistics available in both species ( supplementary fig.

Using an extended unfiltered set of open regions as background for Fisher’s exact test, both overlaps were found to be highly significant ( p value < 2.2e−16), with a slightly higher odds ratio for the modified protocol (13.15 vs. 10.75).

For all three species comparisons, a linear regression of %ID and log 2 hybridization ratio showed a strong and highly significant correlation ( D. sechellia : Multiple R 2 = 0.3257, P < 2.2e-16; D. simulans : Multiple R 2 = 0.2920, P < 2.2e-16; D. yakuba : Multiple R 2 = 0.4083, P < 2.2e-16) (Figure 2 ), with the data for D. yakuba showing the strongest correlation.