Excerpts

A comparison of GABAergic cell number between young monkeys and aged animals classified on the basis of DR and DNMS task performance revealed a highly significant group effect in the full basal forebrain as well as for the rostral and caudal divisions (one-way ANOVA; DR task main group effects, BF: F (2,19) = 7.581, p = 0.004; rostral division: F (2,19) = 4.726, p = 0.022; caudal division: F (2,19) = 3.848, p = 0.040; DNMS task main group effects, BF: F (2,19) = 8.121, p = 0.003; rostral division: F (2,19) = 5.062, p = 0.017; caudal division: F (2,19) = 4.017, p = 0.035; Fig. 8 B , C ).

Univariate logistic regression in men identified three factors with statistical significance or marginal significance: suboptimal plasma vitamin C (≤8.8 mg/mL) ( p = 0.004), suboptimal serum vitamin B12 (≤300 pg/mL) ( p = 0.062), and low BMI (underweight/normal weight) ( p = 0.011).

Collectively, small intracellular bacteria and viruses did not reach statistical significance when analyzed individually, but when grouped, the association with MMP-1 rs1799750 and MMP3 rs3025058, respectively, became strong ( p = 0.004 for both).

A permutation test further verified that the actual difference in standard deviations between late versus early start groups is highly significant relative to what this standard deviation difference would be under random group labeling (p = 0.004) ( Fig. 1D ).

Although the distribution of the predominant etiologies (AOM or PT) was uneven (Pearson’s chi-square P = 0.047), the differences of other socio-demographic or clinical characteristics between the study cohorts did not reach statistical significance, with the exception of the score of school absenteeism, which was higher in the auto-vaccines cohort (Mann–Whitney’s U test P = 0.004, Table 2 ).

Furthermore, a positive trend in risk with increasing years of diagnosis of diabetes ( P =0.004) and of hepatitis ( P =0.02) was observed.

Post‐hoc comparisons revealed that the difference in classification accuracy between V1–V3 ungrouped and V1–V3 grouped was at significance ( t = 3.53, p = .05), and clearly significant for V1–V3 grouped and IPS 1–5 grouped and for V1–V3 grouped and IPS excluding IPS 0–5 grouped (respectively t = 4.10, p = .004; t = 4.14, p = .003).

The ACTH level in blood ( Figure 2 b) also showed a trend to increase (F(1,30) = 9.62, p = 0.004), though the increase was significant in MCAO-LM only (MCAO-KM vs.

When performing meta-regression with publication year as moderator variable, a significant trend was found ( p =0.004) ( Fig. 2 D).

The created model showed significant goodness-of-fit as the Omnibus Test of Model Coefficient was highly significant (Chi-square = 13.224, p = 0.004, df = 3), indicating that the model was advisable.

Unvaccinated patients had a significant trend toward higher rates of obesity (41% vs 29%; p = 0.004).

There was a highly significant negative correlation between HPT and CPT ( r = −.66; p = .004).

Endocardial ACS decreased significantly at the chronic time point (− 19.1%, p = 0.002) point compared to baseline (− 37.5%), whereas the change at the acute time point did not reach statistical significance (− 17.7%, p = 0.004) (Table 1 ).

Differences were highly significant (p = 0.004).

However, the change in chewing difficulties between baseline and both at six months and twelve months after overdenture were highly significant after McNemar tests for carrots (Chi 2 = 11.0; df:2, p = 0.004 and Chi 2 = 13; df:2, p = 0.002, respectively); salads (Chi 2 = 12.0; df:3, p = 0.007 and Chi 2 = 16; df:3, p = 0.001, respectively); meats (Chi 2 = 11.8; df:3, p = 0.008 and Chi 2 = 15; df:3, p = 0.002, respectively); boiled vegetables (Chi 2 = 7.7; df:3, p = 0.05 and Chi 2 = 7.7; df:3, p = 0.05, respectively); and apples (Chi 2 = 12.0; df:2, p = 0.003 and Chi 2 = 13; df:2, p = 0.001, respectively).

This generalization decrement was highly significant (Wilcoxon matched-pairs test, T = 0.0, p = 0.004).

McNemar’s test confirmed highly significant differences between the classifications supported by combined biomarkers and the one based on standard EEG biomarkers only ( p = 0.004).

Analysis of salivary and serum CA125 in patients with malignant tumors (n=44) showed the same pattern (R=0.087; p=0.575; Spearman correlation analysis) of incompatibility as in the whole sample, whereas in the group with benign tumors (n=47) slight significance was obtained which was inversely related to salivary and serum CA125 (R=-0.415; p=0.004; Spearman correlation analysis) ( Fig. 2 ).

The evaluation of the two different groups revealed that fetuses in the high HRV group showed a highly significant effect of the global rule (F(1,34) = 9.33, p = 0.004) while fetuses in the low HRV group showed no significant effect of the global rule (F(1,19.28) = 0.69, p = 0.417; Fig. 6 ).

Assessment of the duration of the recruitment period showed a trend for longer durations in elamipretide treated cells, with 0.01 μM elamipretide yielding significantly longer times relative to vehicle treated cells (Fig. 2 D; P = 0.004) by an average of 9.6 min.

Mann-Whitney tests show that these differences of area are highly significant: between clade B2 and other species (p = 0.004), and between clade B2 and all other species from clade B (p = 0.023).

Here, a clearly significant time x group interaction can be seen (Wilk’s lamba = 0.88; p = .004; partial eta 2 = .12).

The onset differences of the FW derivations in comparison between the movement tasks were also highly significant in kicks vs. decelerations (p = 0.004) and kicks vs. passively induced movements (p = 0.015).

A 2 × 2 mixed-factor ANOVA (group x set size) revealed a marginally significant main effect of set size with higher binding errors at a set size of three, relative to two, items (F (1,49) = 9.24, p = 0.004, η p 2 = 0.16).

In the main cohort study, there were significant or marginally significant differences between the three groups in age [F(2,159) = 5.76, p = 0.004], gender [χ 2 (2) = 6.74, p = 0.034], and living situation [χ 2 (2) = 5.76, p = 0.056].