“nominally significant”

Nominally significant correlations between bacterial genera and SCFAs ( P < 0.05) were observed in fecal samples collected by different methods.

The Radial plot method was used to select eligible resting heart-rate associated genetic variants for fitness by removing heterogeneous outliers for the genetic variants, of which 149 were also nominally significant in the fitness GWAS ( p < 0.05) [ 28 ].

In addition, there was substantial enrichment of nominally significant associations ( p <0.05) among disease SNPs.

Although the proteomic profiles of the 21 cyclophosphamide responders versus 14 non-responders overlapped by PCA ( Supplemental Data S3 ; Document S1 : Data S1 B, Figure S2 ; Tables S4 and S5 ), several immune-related proteins (e.g., IGHE, KIT, CD80, and IL-34) showed nominally significant differences ( p < 0.05), none of which remained significant after FDR correction.

First, exposure‐outcome associations that were nominally significant ( P < 0.05) on primary analysis with IVW MR were identified.

All showed a concordant effect direction between the GWAS prospective and GWAS retrospective (p=0·0005, binomial sign test), with six loci nominally significant (GWAS prospective p<0·050) and one significant after Bonferroni correction for the 12 loci (rs3851357, GWAS prospective p=0·0035).

Potential causal traits were required to (1) pass heterogeneity/pleiotropy checks, (2) lack bidirectional effects, and (3) be nominally significant ( P < 0.05) with consistent effect direction across all MR sensitivities.

To verify the reliability of these polygenic associations, we repeated the analyses using PRS comprising only the 108 sentinel genome-wide significant schizophrenia variants 15 , based on the assumption that the effect size estimates of genome-wide significant variants should be less affected by population structure than non-significant variants; 77 of the 104 associated traits were nominally significant ( P < 0.05) based on the PRS comprising only genome-wide significant variants.

Among 334 participants aged less than 45 years (mean 33 years)– 163 with a polygenic score in the bottom decile versus 171 in the top decile–we note directionally consistent and nominally significant results (p <0.05 in a logistic model that included age, sex and the first four principal components of ancestry) for 25 out 28 proteins identified in the overall cohort ( S4 Fig ).

For replication, we externally tested 221 nominally significant associations (p<0.05) in an independent cohort from FinnGen.

Out of the 2549 profiled miRNAs, 269 (10.6%) were nominally significant ( i.e. , unadjusted P < 0.05; t -test), including 199 showing decreased expression and 70 showing increased expression in patients developing cancer.

Any drug class that did not show a nominally significant protective effect on CAD risk ( p < 0.05) was excluded from further analysis, as this would suggest that the genetic instruments were not validly proxying the drug′s antihypertensive action. 2.4.2.

39 A raw P value < 0.05 is considered nominally significant, and a corrected P value < 0.05 is considered statistically significant.

Thirty additional associations (24 positive, six inverse) were nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

To account for unmeasured confounders, within each population, we empirically determined the number of gene expression principal components (PCs) to adjust for in order to maximize the number of nominally significant eQTL associations identified ( P < 0.05).

Genetic Relationships Between CMR LV Phenotypes With Other Related Traits For ECHO traits, 2 previously reported variants in the SH2B3 and MTSS1 loci were genome-wide significant, and 4 other variants were nominally significant ( P <0.05 with concordant directionality) for the corresponding CMR traits in our GWAS ( Table IX in the online-only Data Supplement ).

The nominally significant (p < 0.05) sex-stratified differentially expressed genes (DEGs) distinguished PCB-exposed placenta and brain ( Figures S3E – S3H ).

Differences between groups were nominally significant (nominal P < 0.05) if the 95% confidence interval [CI] of the group difference did not include the null value (0 for mean differences and 1 for odds ratios), but for the sake of convenience, if the nominal P ‐value in the secondary analysis is less than 0.05, it is described as significant, and if it is 0.05 or more, it is described as non‐significant.

Gene-based analysis revealed 76 nominally significant ( p ≤ 0.050) longevity-associated genes, and we call these 76 genes the “longevity-associated gene set” (Tables S3 and S4 ).

Fourteen MGSs were nominally significant for the broad spectrum (Wilcoxon signed-rank test, unadjusted p < 0.05).

Specifically, we identified a total of 169 nominally significant enriched terms ( p -value < 0.05 and FDR < 0.2), which represent a medium-confidence set, including a subset of 37 high-confidence terms that passed multiple test correction with an FDR of <0.05 ( Figure 3 ).

We then restricted these genes to those which were also at least nominally significant ( P < 0.05) in the individual GWAS for schizophrenia and SUD but did not survive multiple-testing correction for either of the respective univariable GWAS (schizophrenia + AD = 16, schizophrenia + CUD = 15, schizophrenia + ND = 5, schizophrenia + OD = 13, Supplementary Tables 6 – 9 ).

In total, 12 proteins were found to be associated with CAD at the nominally significant level ( p value < 0.05 and p − HEIDI > 0.05), in which PGD (OR = 1.296, 95% CI = 1.005–1.67, p = 0.046), IL1RN (OR = 1.123, 95% CI = 1.007–1.254, p = 0.038), ANGPT1 (OR = 1.268, 95% CI = 1.063–1.512, p = 0.008), F2 (OR = 1.243, 95% CI = 1.047–1.476, p = 0.013), and NAGLU (OR = 1.043, 95% CI = 1.005

However, 9 of the 21 CDR-associated and 1 of the 3 CERAD-associated DE circRNAs were nominally significant in GSE104704 ( P value ≤ 0.05).

In a per-protein analysis, replacing values below the limit of detection with protein specific LOD-values, five proteins (CSF-1, NTRK3, ICOSLG, SCF and PECAM-1) were found to have nominally significant differences between the two time-points (p < 0.05, Wilcox test).