“showed a trend”

In comparison with our previous study, where BMI was stratified up to 29 kg/m 2 (Niinuma et al., 2025[ 31 ]), EGFR differed in both studies; fibroblast growth factor 8 (FGF8), FGFR1, IGF1 differed in the previous study and here they were either significantly different (IGF1, p=0.05) or showed a trend (FGF8, FGFR1) towards significance (0.06 and 0.07, respectively), but none remained significant after FDR testing.

Under nanoporous conditions, perfusion did not yield a statistically significant gain in outgrowth, likely due to the relatively high stiffness and lack of cell‐level porosity of the material, although perfused samples showed a trend toward deeper cell infiltration.

Leuprolide was associated with a modest trend toward smaller lesions, whereas dienogest showed a trend toward reduced lesion volume, which appeared less pronounced than that observed with the dydrogesterone–letrozole combination.

Hypertension showed a trend toward association but did not reach statistical significance.

With the increase of imbibition wetting times, the T 2 spectrum showed a trend of decreasing P 1 , increasing P 2 , decreasing P 3 , and connecting with P 2 .

Although the vitamin D group showed a trend toward reduced nosocomial infections, this difference was not statistically significant (7.1% [3/42] vs. 16.7% [7/42]; risk difference: -9.5%; 95% CI: -15.7% to -3.3%; p = 0.313) (Table 2 ).

Weekly intercourse frequency showed a trend toward being lower in the SPE group but did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.062).

Platelet counts were within the lower normal range [177 × 10 9 /L (IQR, 121–256)]. By days 5–7 after admission (Table 2 ), laboratory results showed a trend toward recovery following antibiotic treatment.

Based on an independent pathologist’s assessment of tumourigenicity, CNNM4 siRNA-treated mice showed a trend toward a reduction in tumour score.

23 24 In addition, a recent multicentre randomised controlled trial in cardiac surgery patients reported that perioperative liraglutide administration improved glycaemic control and showed a trend towards reduced POD incidence, although statistical significance was not achieved, possibly due to younger patient age, lower baseline surgical risk and a lower than expected delirium incidence in the control group. 25 Importantly, liraglutide was well tolerated, with no significant increase in gastrointestinal adverse events (AEs) compared with placebo.

At 10 DPI, alveolar macrophages remained low in unvaccinated mice challenged with NC99 alone, similar to superinfected animals, while vaccination showed a trend of alveolar macrophage protection in both groups ( Fig. 2a ).

Moreover, its combination with Ashwagandha root extract showed a trend toward greater overall improvement, suggesting a possible additive effect.

Mechanistically, CCH selectively lowered serum IgE and showed a trend in reducing IL-17, paralleling its specific suppression of lymphocytes.

26 Fungtammasan and Phupong (2021) from Thailand, in turn, showed a trend towards increased breast milk volume after Moringa administration of 900 mg/day for three days, and a rapid onset of breast fullness, although not statistically significant.

Balancing the training data based on a specific SES measure showed a trend toward reducing the BER disparity when evaluated using that same measure.

SASSQ analysis showed a trend toward improvement, though none of the changes reached statistical significance ( P > .05).

Poloxamer 188, however, showed a trend toward greater reduction in tensile strength and should be thoroughly rinsed prior to implant placement.

VG161 showed a trend of prolonged overall survival in certain subgroups.

Figure 4C shows that when the inoculum size was fixed at 9 × 10 7 CFU/mL, and the enzyme dosage was 3‰, the GI value showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing with an increase in temperature and time.

Rasagiline 1 mg monotherapy also showed a trend of improvement in emotional well-being compared with placebo (SMD, −1.81; 95% CrI, −3.42 to −0.19) ( Figure 3 ).

Expression of the LC-PUFA genes in liver reported here was different from expression levels in pyloric caeca of fish in the same trial reported previously, which showed a trend for lower expression in V1 compared to V2 fish, although all V fish showed lower expression than M fish (McMillan et al. 2024 ).

Concurrently, the TD group also showed a trend towards higher Simpson, ACE, and Chao1 indices.

Our findings that NEK10- mutant patients exhibited a significantly better overall survival (p < 0.05), whereas mutations in NEK1 , NEK2 , NEK5 , and NEK9 showed non-significant trends toward improved survival, and mutations in NEK4 and NEK8 showed a trend toward worse survival are consistent with a context‐dependent dual role of NEKs in tumorigenesis.

In contrast, SR3335 treatment showed a trend toward decreased BMAL1 expression and did not further reduce BMAL1 when combined with ethanol ( Supplementary Figure S3B ).

Catechin showed a trend towards activation but did not reach significance ( p = 0.07). 4 Discussion Max Samter's1968 paper [ 3 ] on AERD noted that, in addition to aspirin, various substances produced reactions.