Excerpts

ADFI and ADG exhibited increasing trends in all treatment groups ( p > 0.05), whereas the F/G showed a decreasing trend ( p > 0.05). 3.2.

For the Chao1 index, GAA and 5,6-DMB + Co treatments showed significant increases ( Figure 1 C, p < 0.05), whereas AGF exhibited an increasing trend without reaching statistical significance ( Figure 1 B, p > 0.05).

Compared with the LPS group, the low-dose ALP group showed a significant increase in final weight and average daily gain ( p < 0.05), while the high-dose ALP group showed an increasing trend in final weight and average daily gain ( p > 0.05).

The significance level is set as *** p < 0.001 indicates a highly significant difference, ** p < 0.01 indicates a moderately significant difference, * p < 0.05 indicates a significant difference [ 14 ].

When comparing different ages within the same pig breed, the plasma ALP level of all pig breeds showed a decreasing trend with age ( p < 0.05).

When 0.01 < p < 0.05 is considered to have a significant difference, p < 0.01 is considered to have an extremely significant difference, and p > 0.05 is considered to have no significant difference.

The type of horse showed a trend in the multivariable analysis, ordinal scale ( p = 0.0643), and was close to significance in the multivariable analysis, nominal scale, ( p = 0.0504) ( Table 2 and Table 5 ).

Dose Response The fixed effect time by groups interaction was close to significance for the MI-CAT(V) total score (Type III p = 0.051) sustained by the univariate analysis of the Gr.

BAL neutrophil percentage was retained in the final model since it improved model fit, and, although statistical significance was not reached, a negative trend of association with the number of wins was observed ( p = 0.051).

Noteworthy, the correlation between γ-GT and UREA, AST and BHBa (the latter very close to significance, p = 0.051) points to a certain involvement of liver function.

Additionally, the abundances of Ruminococcaceae bacterium D16 and Turicibacter sanguinis were found to be almost significantly decreased in the lean-line chickens compared to the fat-line ( p = 0.051 and 0.052, respectively; Figure 2 A).

When eating hay, it was found that there was a strong trend for more bites per minute for the double attachment compared to single attachment ( p = 0.051), which was likely the result of a significantly reduced amount of grams extracted per bite (single: 1.9 ± 0.2; double: 1.4 ± 0.1).

The Shapiro–Wilk test for normality on the variable “mass gain” was very close to significance as well ( p = 0.051).

Comparison of plasma cortisol concentrations between months showed marginally significant differences (F (3,43) = 2.809; p = 0.051) between the first and last months of the hunting season ( Figure 1 a).

Second, ANOSIM analysis showed that overall microbial community separation among treatments was marginally non-significant (R = 0.17, p = 0.051).

Growth Performance As shown in Table 3 , there was an increasing trend in ADG of Ira rabbits in the MOA group compared to the CON group ( p = 0.051).

Body weight gain (BWG) during days 1–21 tended to be higher in enzyme-supplemented groups compared with the control group; however, this difference was only marginally significant ( p = 0.051).

Moreover, Gln-D, GLU-D, or SR had no effect on transcript levels of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 at three time points ( p > 0.05), but a decreasing trend was found at 24 h ( p = 0.051).

Despite there not being a statistically significant difference between the two groups, this difference could also be classified as marginally non-significant (Mann–Whitney U test, U = 5.5, critical value of U is 5, Z = 1.64, p = 0.051).

One pathway that approached significant enrichment was the peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) signaling pathway ( p = 0.051).

The final reduced model explained 27% of variability; however, the effect of the weight category was only marginally significant ( p = 0.0511), while the real health risk to humans remained insignificant.

For SNF%, the overall effect approached significance ( p = 0.0512).

All mahouts in private facilities had direct contact with their elephants, and almost all in government facilities; there was a statistical trend for more mahouts to use direct contact with the elephants in private facilities as compared with those in government zoos ( p = 0.0513).

On the other hand, propionate was not significant ( p = 0.1075), but it exhibited a marginally significant quadratic behavior ( p = 0.0513), showing a moderate increase during the EG-DPS14 (second period), due to a higher consumption of herbaceous plants that may present a lower availability of structural carbohydrates; in addition, the chemical composition of these plants presents a lower amount of indigestible fiber during the rainy season than in any other time of the year [ 48 ].

There was a borderline significant sex by resource guarding status interaction for likelihood of return ( X 2 = 3.80, d.f. = 1, p = 0.0514).