Excerpts

Using Kaplan-Meier survivor analysis of the two groups from the time of initial positive screening to the time of follow-up, this difference was also highly significant, p < .002.

Secondary research questions Energy content of highest ranked option Hypothesis 2: In Study 1, if the highest-ranked option was lower-energy, it was less likely – with an odds ratio of 0.80 (95%CIs: 0.67, 0.95; p = 0.013) – that the selected option matched that highest-ranked option, although this did not reach statistical significance at the pre-specified value of p < 0.003.

In contrast, AH was highly significant in men ( p = 0.003), whereas it was not significant in women ( p = 0.09) (Figure 4b ).

Non-overweight adolescents reported a highly significant greater amount of time spent on moderate to vigorous physical activity compared to overweight/obese adolescents (54.2 mins/day vs 35.2 mins/day, p = 0.003).

48% of subjects who rated their health as very good or excellent exercised regularly, while it was a much smaller percentage in the "poorer" group (5.6%), with an OR of 15.69 which was highly significant (p = 0.003).

There was also a positive and moderately significant relationship between height and waist circumference ( r = .494, p = .004).

The PCT improvement was highly significant in the aggregated analysis (p = .004).

Even though the results among medium drinkers were not statistically significant, a significant trend ( P = 0.0046) was observed.

Results indicate that mean temperature with a 3-month lag was highly significant in Hwalien County (Spearman's ρ = 0.37; p < 0.005).

[ 39 ] reported markedly higher risks for females, with ERR/Gy of 4.22 (90% CI 1.72 to 7.21) for all CVD, 6.17 (90% CI 2.44 to 10.92) for ischemic heart disease (IHD), and 2.67 (90% CI < 0 to 9.79) for CeVD, compared with ERR/Gy for males for the same endpoints of 0.20 (90% CI 0.07 to 0.36), 0.16 (90% CI -0.01 to 0.34), and 0.48 (90% CI 0.10 to 0.91), respectively; these differences were highly significant for all CVD ( p = 0.005) and IHD ( p = 0.004), but not for CeVD ( p > 0.50) (Tables 2 and 3 ).

The control group showed a more complex pattern of RTW: A linear contrast [χ 2 (1) = 6.87, p = .009] corresponded to an increasing trend of RTW, but a quadratic contrast [χ 2 (1) = 7.48, p = .006] showed that RTW was not that stable, that is, first an increase and then a decrease of RTW.

Greater willingness to evacuate from home showed a highly significant relationship with high income (>$80,000) compared to very low income (<$20,000) (AOR=3.01, p=0.006); and was also positively associated with female gender (AOR=2.01, p=0.012), and high self-rated personal resilience (AOR=1.87, p=0.010).

lower interference effect) on the Stroop task than those with lower education (although this did not reach statistical significance at p < 0.00625).

Similarly, when examining the yearly occurrence of OPSCC in males, we found a significant trend for both p16 positive cases (Spearman r = 0.9286, p = 0.0067; linear regression R 2 = 0.8675, p = 0.0023) and p16 negative cases (Spearman r = 0.8469, p = 0.0238; linear regression R 2 = 0.7591, p = 0.01) (Fig. 1 C).

Two effects were approaching significance, after Bonferroni correction - 3) “Criticized” in male index persons and “Eye-opener” in female spouses ( p =.008); and 4) “Felt bad or guilty” and mental distress in female index persons ( p =.009).

GLHC differences across profiles approached significance ( p = .008), and men endorsed GLHC more than women, F (1,1161) = 12.77, p < .001; η p 2 = .01).

There was a significant trend for higher prevalence of central obesity among those in the lower occupation groups (p = 0.009).

The excess for non-accidental mortality was confirmed in the highest exposure group (HR 1.13 95%CI: 1.02–1.26) and a significant trend was observed ( p = 0.009).

In the same period, CRC age-adjusted incidence and mortality rates decreasing trends were highly significant with increasing screening ( p = 0.0091).

Former smoking men also showed a decreasing trend in the total amount smoked when they quit (from 12 to 10 pack-years, p = 0.0091), but still had smoked twice as much as women former smokers, who tended to quit after 6 pack-years.

Trends of other causes according to ethnic/racial background have also shown a similar trajectory to alcohol-induced trends, as from 1999 to 2008, the Black/African American population have shown a marked descend (APC − 2.9179%/year, 95% CI: -3.3539 to -2.4800, P < 0.000001), and from 2008 to 2014, kept decreasing (APC − 0.3465%/year, 95% CI: -1.4012 to +0.7194, P = 0.487667), with even a further descend from 2014 until 2018 (APC − 2.1343%/year, 95% CI: -4.3455 to +0.1281, P = 0.061945); however in 2018, a major shift occurred with a positive trend up until 2021 (APC +6.3883%/year, 95% CI: +1.8690 to +11.1081, P = 0.009410), followed by a major descend from 2021 to 2023 (APC − 4.2571%/year, 95% CI: -8.2248 to -0.1179, P = 0.044907) (Fig. 4 C).

There was a significant trend in the survivor functions (i.e., probability of remaining free from diabetes) across the quartiles of greenspace ( p = 0.010) (Fig. 1b ); the probability of remaining free from diabetes amongst those in the greenest areas was 2.4% higher than those in the least green at age 80.

The ASR of YLD and DALY showed an increasing trend from 1990 to 2021 ( P < 0.01), but the ASR of mortality and YLL showed a decreasing trend ( P < 0.01).

However, the null hypothesis is strongly rejected at the first difference for every variable, as indicated by the highly significant negative statistics (p < 0.01).

Among males, an increasing trend was observed from 2013 to 2018 ( APC = 10.29%, P < 0.01), followed by a significant decrease starting in 2018 ( APC =−30.78%, P < 0.01).