Excerpts

In this case, the chi-squared estimated values for the likelihood ratio, and Score and Wald statistics indicated that the model was highly significant ( p < 0.001).

The overall model fit was highly significant, with F(6,14285) = 10,665.49, p < 0.001 and R 2 = 0.818 for WasteWg, and F(6,14319) = 880.43, p < 0.001 and R 2 = 0.269 for MealWg.

Regarding fermentation monitoring (density and temperature), highly significant differences were found between both factors, cultivar and yeast (ANOVA repeated measures, p < 0.001), as well as their interaction ( p < 0.001 for density and p = 0.003 for temperature) ( Figure 1 B,C).

The fat colour of MR Cantuccini produced the highest a * values for the first 8 months and at the same time an increasing trend from 0.50 (T0) to 0.87 (T12) and a 74% increase in red colouring after 12 months ( p < 0.001), whereas the a * values in the fat of OR Cantuccini increased from 0.45 (T0) to 1.19 (T12) with an increase of 164% ( p < 0.001).

According to the results presented in Table 2 , the linear effect on the TPC value was highly significant ( p < 0.001) regarding the ethanol concentration alone, whereas the interactive terms were non-significant ( p > 0.05).

This enhancement effect was in line with the same effect previously described for the soluble polyphenol fraction, as also confirmed by the highly significant ( p < 0.001) linear correlations observed between the soluble and bioaccessible fractions (r = 0.919).

Differences were considered significant when p < 0.05, and highly significant when p < 0.001.

G3 and G4 groups were higher than the control G2 (+Ve), while G4 showed a highly significant difference ( p < 0.001) compared to the control G2 (+Ve).

Taking “the velvety sensation of the first assessment “as an example, the fixed-effects test results showed that the main effect of wine sample was highly significant (F(3, 96) = 19.568, p < 0.001), indicating significant differences in velvety sensation among the wine samples; the main effect of repetition was not significant (F(1, 96) = 0.754, p = 0.387), suggesting no systematic bias between the two replicate assessments; and the interaction between wine sample and repetition was not significant (F(3, 96) = 0.534, p = 0.660), indicating that the pattern of changes across the two assessments was consistent for all wine samples.

A highly significant decline was found regarding the consumption of ‘dark green leafy vegetable’ (−46.1%; p < 0.001), whilst fewer ‘eggs’ were consumed by 2.9% of rural women ( p < 0.05).

However, all glycated conjugates exhibited a highly significant decrease in α-helix content ( p < 0.001), dropping from 6.16 ± 0.21% (CGTPV) to 2.05 ± 0.06% (CSTPV), along with a corresponding increase in β-sheet content, from 32.12 ± 0.96% (CGTPV) to 37.42 ± 1.10% (CSTPV).

All wavelength ranges from 400 to 1700 nm showed a highly significant, very strong correlation between color and reflectance (R ≥ 0.80, p ≤ 0.001).

The pressure and temperature had highly significant effects on dimerization ( p < 0.001) while holding time had a less significant effect ( p = 0.0506).

As can be seen from Table 4 , the model is extremely significant ( p < 0.001), the coefficient of determination R 2 of the model is 0.9973, and the lack of fit is not significant (0.7224 > 0.05).

In particular, forty-one people recognized CTRL and T2 for their different color ( p < 0.01), whereas the number of correct answers increased when considering odor, texture and taste, with highly significant results ( p < 0.001).

Statistical significance for the relationships analysed by PLS was defined as p < 0.05–0.01 (significant), p < 0.01–0.001 (highly significant) and p < 0.001 (extremely significant).

For HMW-GS, only the alleles at the Glu-B1 locus were associated with highly significant differences ( p < 0.001) in the SDSS test and significant differences in GPC (in four out of seven trials).

However, the omission of 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline (popcorn-like) (M5) or δ-decalactone (oily/peach) (M7) resulted in a highly significant ( p ≤ 0.001) reduction in the characteristic aroma of the fry breads.

Statistical analysis revealed highly significant effects ( p < 0.001) for most factors, including sample, day, and their interactions, while proofing time alone did not show significant effects.

For moisture, the p -values were highly significant ( p < 0.001 for Alaska pollock; p < 0.05 for golden threadfin bream and hairtail).

As shown in Figure 5 B, VP-AsA treatment significantly inhibited POD activity, particularly during early storage (days 6 and 9), where the difference from CK was highly significant ( p < 0.001). 3.5.

Low concentration of nitrite (20 mg/kg) caused significant ( p < 0·001) inhibition of lipid oxidation, measured by the TBA test, in a cooked muscle system and 50 mg/kg nitrite concentration resulted in a highly significant ( p < 0·001) reduction in TBA values [ 56 ].

One-way ANOVA confirmed highly significant differences in step counts among the groups ( p < 0.001), verifying distinct exercise intensities between HE (25,492.28 ± 8501.75 steps), ME (12,608.34 ± 1407.78 steps), and LE (5334.77 ± 2277.87 steps).

One-way variance (ANOVA) was used for statistical analysis, and Tukey’s comparison test was used to obtain a significant difference ( p < 0.05 was significant, p < 0.01 was extremely significant, and p < 0.001 was highly significant).

Specifically, there were highly significant correlations ( p < 0.001) between DPPH and GABA ( R 2 = 0.77), DPPH and lactic acid ( R 2 = 0.79), DPPH and total flavonoid ( R 2 = 0.76) and DPPH and total acid ( R 2 = 0.81).