Excerpts

Subject terms: Atmospheric science, Atmospheric dynamics, Palaeoclimate Proxy reconstructions show a decreasing trend from the Middle to Late Holocene, which conflicts with model results showing an increasing trend.

We found a small but highly significant effect: each additional subclone increased the average absolute difference in VAF of the shared variants between MC3 and PCAWG by 0.003, with a p -value of 1.3 × 10 −11 (linear regression); this effect reversed after controlling for tumor purity, indicating that the observed trend does not provide evidence of this interesting concept in re-sequencing (see “Methods” section for details).

The GWAS loci for four further traits showed at least a nominally significant overlap with putative selective sweep peaks (Fig. 5 , Supplementary Table 3 ), with balding measurements and leucocyte count nominally significant in both the XP-EHH and XP-CLR analyses.

In line with this and the results in the TZH cohort, the 60 hypomethylated gsSMK-CpGs exhibited a clear trend toward hypomethylation in smokers in the Liu, Hannum, and Tsaprouni cohorts, which was only consistent and much stronger in myeloid cells (Fig. 2b–d ).

These analyses confirmed that the 53 gsSMK-CpGs exhibited highly significant trends toward hypomethylation in smokers in both lineages, but more strongly so in myeloid cells (Fig. 1e, f ).

2a , bottom) indeed nicely resolved a decreasing trend from melanocytic M262 cells toward mesenchymal M381 cells, implying that the more differentiated cells are relatively richer in lipids.

As the p value of BMP7 is close to significance in the multivariate model, we searched in The Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database for a second cohort of lung adenocarcinoma patients to have at least 100 patients.

An increasing trend was observed in + /del52 mice while + /ins5 was very similar to controls.

Although fenofibrate treatment did not improve locomotor recovery following spinal contusion injury in mice 81 , a slight trend for increased tissue sparing was observed.

The GO term “metabolism” is highly significant in the downregulated gene set (Supplementary Fig. 3b and Supplementary Data 3 ), with fatty acid metabolism, flavonoid-related processes, and transmembrane transport GO terms statistically enriched.

NonCS port-entries were unaffected by CNO and showed a trend towards elevation in the alcohol context compared to the neutral context (Supplementary Fig. 6c ).

The overlap between the respective differentially expressed genes was highly significant in almost all comparisons (Fig. 5c , Supplementary Fig. 3d , and Supplementary Table 6 ) and the observed expression fold changes were consistent with the notion that IL-6/HIL6 stimulation recruits progenitor populations from both more differentiated and more stem-like populations, with the dedifferentiation branch (MatLum → LumProg) being more consistent than differentiation (MaSC → LumProg).

Consequently, we also consider effects that reach significance at alpha = 0.10 as marginally significant.

does not show a significant trend, which is in line with the work of 34, 20 where no increase in IVT or precipitation trends have been found over a large period of time (Supplementary Fig. 6b, c ).

V1 gamma-band kernels decayed over time (group average slope: −0.017, t (14) = −3.1, p = 0.007) just like the psychophysical kernels, yielding a highly significant temporal correlation (Fig. 4c , left; group average correlation: r = 0.45).

PCA of the replication dataset shows a clear trend of the effect of parasitemia captured in ePC1 explaining 16.2% of the variation in the data (Fig. 1g, h ).

However, such recovery was missing in 2020 due to the lockdown, leading to a decreasing trend all through the first quarter.

In this condition, we did not find a significant trend over rounds when private solutions were available, indicating that unequal access to private solutions also diminishes the ability of groups to coordinate on a more efficient communal solution over time (see Supplementary Note 6 for details).

Log2 fold-change estimates of H3K27ac peaks overlapping the promoter of DEG showed a weak trend consistent with expression changes (Fig. 4b , upper panel).

Through counting the number of both significantly hypo- and hypermethylated CpG dinucleotides mapping to each of these genomic elements, a clear trend emerged: promoters, gene bodies, and regions not mapping to promoters, genes or enhancers (red bars) were highly hypomethylated in insulinomas as compared to beta cells (~90% of CpGs) (red bars in Fig. 1c , Supplementary Data 7 , 8 ).

We also observed an overall trend of increasing of Q factors with larger device sizes, consistent with the scaling rule of Eq.

The political costs of such curtailments may be significant, but so will be the costs of inaction.

Metformin-educated CD8 + T cells from WT mice also showed a trend of increased mRNA expression for Sell ( CD62L ), Cpt1a and Tfam (mitochondrial transcription factor A) genes (Supplementary Fig. 5b ).

The effect was much more profound in 0.02% glucose, with aggregate abundance showing an interesting trend.

The DMP distribution showed a trend toward hypomethylation for CG and CHG, with the exception of Col-0/ msh1 sample 3 that showed slight CHG hypermethylation, whereas CHH DMPs showed hypermethylation in all cases (Supplementary Fig. 7a ).