Excerpts

In the OB group, the Early 2 h PP glucose across meals was correlated with NB%fat (r = 0.469, p = 0.05 [borderline significant]).

A similar trend (although only marginally significant) was observed for hip circumference.

The positive CIPA patients showed worse prognostic outcomes, with higher mortality and a longer mean length of stay, while the positive GLIM patients showed a trend toward worse prognostic outcomes but without reaching statistical significance.

Concerning PTH, we did not find significant mean changes after 72 h following cholecalciferol supplementation, even though there was a decreasing trend in those supplemented with 600,000 I.U.

Although the results were marginally significant, there exists a potential association with LMM, suggesting that the nutritional imbalance resulting from a diet characterized by a reduced intake of protein-based foods, alongside increased consumption of refined carbohydrates, high glycemic index foods, and saturated fats, may contribute to the decline in muscle health.

Citrus honey 3(CIT 3) at 10 mg/mL increased metabolism and cell viability by more than 50% compared to the control, which was highly significant.

VD deficiency showed a significant correlation with heart rate variability, though its association with CAN was borderline significant, warranting further investigation. 5.2.3.

In our experiment, the pomegranate treatments showed a trend of mitigating M1-related neurotoxicity by decreasing the expression of the cell surface receptor CD86 and increasing CD163 protein expression ( Figure 6 ).

An increasing trend in the incidence is also observed for type 1 diabetes.

A p -value < 0.05 was set as significant, whereas a p -value < 0.01 was considered highly significant.

After a 12-week intervention, compared with the placebo group, the probiotic group showed a significant increase in muscle mass and fat free mass ( p < 0.05), a significant decrease in fat mass ( p < 0.05) and a decreasing trend in body weight; however, the difference was not statistically significant ( p = 0.07).

Following the division of the percentage of energy intake from UPFs into four equal parts, the Jonckheere–Terpstra test was utilized to ascertain whether alterations in UPFs intake exhibited a notable trend effect on changes in nutrient content [ 22 ].

In contrast, the calculated percentage of energy intake from sugar-sweetened beverages, flavored dairy products, and dairy substitutes differed significantly between surveys from 2002 to 2022 ( p -value < 0.001) but did not show an increasing trend across surveys.

On a level close to significance, more participants from the intervention group experienced a decrease (a positive change) in the concentration of total cholesterol after 8 weeks of the intervention compared to the participants from the control group ( p = 0.100).

At the genus level, we observed a decrease in Staphylococcus and o_Bacteroidales;Other;Other , and an increasing trend in the abundance of Streptococcus , Stenotrophomonas , f_Rhodobacteraceae;Other , Proteiniclasticum , f_Propionibacteriaceae;Other and Gemella .

Additionally, FLX improved various histopathological and morphological markers of renal health, including reduced glomerular injury without affecting glomerular area ( Figure 7 C,D and Figure 8 ), attenuation of tubular injury ( Figure 7 E and Figure 8 ), and a clear trend towards reduced albuminuria ( Figure 7 F). 4.

Additionally, FLX treatment in the UNX+WD group showed a trend toward reduced systemic inflammation, as indicated by IL-6 measurements, though the results were not conclusive due to a lack of sufficient samples for analysis.

Overall, the plant-based protein intake level showed a negative association with the prevalence of MetS risk factors, while the animal-based protein intake level exhibited a positive trend.

In contrast, among women, vegetable intake was associated with lower SWI-based iron concentrations in the thalamus and pulvinar, whereas red meat intake showed a trend toward higher iron concentration in the thalamus.

Additionally, the variety of food groups consumed significantly improved ( p = 0.012) post-intervention, with an increasing trend in the consumption of a variety of food groups (7–9).

Hence, the anti-AD effect of eriodictyol is highly significant.

A marginally significant association of GPC was found for subjects ≥ 65 years (Q5) and males (Q4).

Other factors may also contribute to the marginal significance of the findings.

The highest quintile of GPC intake was associated with a significant reduced risk of cognitive decline (HR: 0.468, 95% CI: 0.283, 0.771), and a significant trend ( p -trend = 0.0448) across quintiles of dietary GPC intake was observed in Model 1 ( Figure 3 ).

There was an increasing trend toward shorter DHM use, especially under 2 days, in postnatal wards ( Figure 1 ).