Excerpts

In contrast, individuals with severe MS showed a trend toward reduced richness, suggesting a possible link between microbial loss and advanced neurologic impairment.

Our results also indicated a positive trend in body self-perception associated with increasing age.

Compared with the Syn-L group, the Syn-M treatment significantly increased BMD, BV/TV, and Tb.Th, whereas Tb.N showed an increasing trend without reaching statistical significance.

The study showed a trend toward reduced cognitive decline, although results did not reach statistical significance.

A favorable trend was observed among girls, where the percentage of excessive body weight decreased by 13.6% (from 19.9% to 6.3%).

GB102 showed a trend toward reduction in HFD-induced leptin levels, although this effect did not reach statistical significance.

In contrast, untrained groups demonstrated a decreasing trend in 25(OH)D 3 concentration 30 min post-exercise, but this difference was not significant.

The results showed that high intake of flavonoids predicted lower mortality from coronary heart disease, which was highly significant.

The NLR showed an independent and highly significant association with disease outcome.

Table 3 provides a comprehensive overview of the distribution of the proteins that showed a significant trend toward downregulation in the MCI group compared to the NC group.

fermentum strain K8-Lb1 reduced body fat mass, body weight, and waist circumference, improved the ability to concentrate, and showed a trend towards an increase in muscle mass.

In non-obese subjects, the CT+CC group showed a trend toward higher sodium intake scores and total moderation scores compared to the TT group; however, these associations did not reach statistical significance after applying the corrected p -level for stratified analyses.

Overall, these findings suggest a positive trend toward lower salt use post-migration, though most participants transitioned to moderate or occasional use rather than achieving ideal behaviour, highlighting the need for continued interventions to promote optimal salt-reduction practices. 3.2.3.

It should be noted, however, that the evidence for swallowing difficulty is limited (borderline significance), and its clinical significance warrants further validation.

Resulting p -values ( p ) were adjusted for multiple testing (q) using the Benjamini–Hochberg procedure, and values < 0.05 were considered nominally significant.

In males, the protective effect of a healthy lifestyle was highly significant compared to the unhealthy reference group.

The athletic discipline emerged as a highly significant predictor, where belonging to the UM group was associated with a PSQI score reduction of 2.498 points, indicating substantially better sleep quality independent of other variables ( p = 0.001; 95% CI: 3.976 to −1.021).

Also, trials assessing the impact of bio- and conventional yogurts demonstrated no significant impact on lipid profile measures; consumption of bio-yogurt demonstrated a decreasing trend in triglycerides and cholesterol indices [ 22 ].

Third, the analytic sample includes a relatively small number of single mothers—particularly SingleP2—limiting statistical power to detect modest subgroup effects and increasing uncertainty around non-significant paths or marginally significant paths.

Paired comparison revealed a statistically significant decrease in fecal zonulin levels in the ASD2 group compared to ASD1, which may indicate a positive trend in the state of the intestinal barrier.

The increase in the relative abundance of Butyricimonas could be viewed as a favorable trend in microbiota restructuring, since its decrease has been observed in patients with cognitive impairment [ 31 ].

Another limitation of this study is that the observed associations between the frequency of consumption of protein-rich foods and functional outcomes were weak and of borderline significance.

Finally, as the proportion of organic food in the dietary ration increases, a clear trend can be observed (Ryc. 4; Ryc. 5), indicating an improvement in diet quality indicators, using both the HEI-2015 and the DQI-I indices.

No cross-test omnibus correction was applied; however, the resulting inflation of the family-wise Type I error rate across seven tests is acknowledged as a limitation, and readers should interpret borderline significant findings with appropriate caution.

In recent years, method integration has emerged as a significant trend.