Excerpts

Two metabolites, 2-methylhippuric acid and 5-acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil, were markedly increased in COPD smokers compared to healthy non-smokers, and also showed a trend of increase in comparison with healthy smokers, with P values approaching significance.

The findings of this study included (i) higher resting nitrite levels in diabetics than controls; (ii) a borderline significant decrease among control subjects in resting nitrite following the unfiltered car ride as compared to resting nitrites after the filtered ride; (iii) increased nitrites in controls but not diabetics during reactive hyperemia prior to exposure and abolition of this increase following acute TRAP exposure.

Increasing incidences of squamous cell carcinoma in situ, coupled with a decreasing trend in invasive squamous cell carcinoma occurrences, were documented in Korea between 1993 and 2009 [ 13 ].

The interval containing the Late Ordovician mass extinction is one of the two moderately significant intervals, suggesting that the mass extinction barely exceeded the expectation of a taxonomically random extinction.

Furthermore, they observed a highly significant inverse correlation between the decrease in SpO 2 and time to interruption or completion.

MMP13 was significantly associated with SED in both ER positive and ER negative subsets while ADAMTS12 showed marginal significance in ER negative tumors ( Fig 5b ).

Although these results were very reproducible and statistically highly significant, their biological relevance still needs to be determined in future studies.

However, in comparing low with high-adherers, the latter showed a trend for larger reductions in errors made in the Stroop Stepping Test—a measure that was best in discriminating between fallers and non-fallers in a cross-sectional study [ 25 ].

In this study, we showed a trend towards cost reduction in the MMHU arm, and hence a trend towards superiority.

Analysis of DJβ usage showed a trend toward DJβ1 gene usage over DJβ2 genes in WT mice, while the inverse trend was observed in single TCR T cell mice.

ROC curves were used to assess the classifiers’ accuracy, revealing a markedly significant improvement in classifier performance when only the leading edge genes were used as classifier inputs.

Hierarchical conceptual modelling analysis confirmed the highly significant association between caries and race/ethnicity.

p values ≤0.05 were considered highly significant and p values between 0.05 and 0.1 were considered less significant.

P -values for pairwise comparisons were calculated with the unpaired Student’s t test and denoted as not significant (more than 0.05), significant (0.05 or less), very significant (0.01 or less), or highly significant (0.001 or less).

An increasing trend between medical facility and death was observed, with more complicated cases in medical centers having the highest risk.

The sensitivity analysis supports the lack of consistent and meaningfully significant associations.

Correlations between subsequent durations were smaller compared to Data Set I, but still highly significant, as shown in Fig 1e and 1f .

To summarize, for Data Set I, lag 1 correlation was significantly larger than 0, and for Data Set II, one of the two types of lag 1 correlation was significantly larger than 0, while the second type was borderline significant, and seemed to be affected by the subject random factor.

However, analyses revealed a positive trend that did not reach statistical significance for either pCR or tpCR.

For Italy extrapolation of a clear trend is rather hard due to a very noisy behavior, again accountable to internal heterogeneities.

Colony counts varied significantly from device—to—device, though overall no significant difference was apparent in the number of CFUs compared to the in-tube positive control.

While there was a trend toward an association between high baseline HE4 and increased subsequent development of brain metastases (p = 0.07), such a biomarker cannot be recommended for clinical use without independent validation of a highly significant association.

Multiple t-test revealed that the five NILs showed highly significant difference in SF.

Process measures A positive trend for men and women <75 years of age was observed for all process measures with a temporary decrease in 2003 and 2006 for most variables ( Fig 1 and Table 2 ).

The number of patients with a systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg decreased from 70.1% to 42.0% in men, and from 80.2% to 40.3% in women (p for trend in both sexes <0.001), whereby a small trend difference between sexes was observed due to the difference in the first years (p for interaction <0.001).