Excerpts

Furthermore, the number of ice days showed negative trends at all meteorological stations, but most of the entire eastern stations didn’t show a significant trend.

Overall, though the four extremal indices showed an increasing trend, the rate of change in the minimum temperature was greater than that of the maximum temperature; thus, the minimum temperature contributed most strongly to the overall temperature increases.

The agro-pastoral ecotone that we studied is a transitional zone between regions with a continental climate and regions with a monsoon climate, so climate change in this region is unstable, and the impact of land-use changes caused by human activities on regional temperature increases may be significant.

The smoothed data (red lines, based on the 10-year running average, with a sampling proportion = 0.18) for TN10 and TX10 showed a decreasing trend, with fluctuations, but with a predominantly upward trend after the 1990s (Fig. 1 ).

Both studies’ top SNPs in the basonuclin 2 gene ( BNC2 ) locus were only nominally significant in our data ( P rs2153271 = 0.0044; P rs62543565 = 0.0351), and in the interferon regulatory factor 4 ( IRF4 ), melanocortin 1 receptor ( MC1R ), and agouti signaling protein (ASIP ) loci, their top SNPs were predominantly monomorphic in 1000G East Asian samples (Supplementary Table S2 ) or were only weakly significant in our data (Table 2 ; P IRF4,rs9405675 = 0.0113; P MC1R:rs8060934 = 0.0027).

6 represents natural fluctuations in prevalence, where herds with low prevalence will have an increasing trend, and herds with high prevalence will have a decreasing trend.

Data We also wanted to evaluate whether PTB generally showed a trend toward moderate or high within-herd prevalence in dairy herds.

Of the herds that had an R-squared value above 0.5, seven had a positive slope and 35 had a negative slope, indicating that most herds demonstrating a clear trend have decreasing prevalence.

Of these, 76% (220) had a negative slope and 24% (69) had a positive slope, meaning that most herds showed a negative trend in the estimated true within-herd prevalence over time.

32 suggested an obvious trend towards aggravated drought in Xinjiang based on the SPEI from 1961–2015.

Overall, there was a decreasing trend (−0.024 m per year) (Fig. 3a ).

It is observed that the content of Cu increased with the increases of etching depth, while a decreasing trend is observed for C and N atoms.

It is highlighted by the predominance of ST-45 in pets 32 , 69 , and its isolation in chicken 29 , 68 , 70 , environmental waters, wild birds 58 , 65 , 71 , and cattle 24 , 72 , indicating that chicken, ruminants or environment are likely to be significant sources of Campylobacter for pets through several transmission routes (e.g. food such as raw meat or offal).

The recent scientific work on thin film materials has shown, that especially for nitride-based protective coatings, computationally-driven understanding and modelling serves as a reliable trend-giver and can be used for target-oriented experiments.

However, ALT levels showed a trend of reduction, which did not reach significance (Table 1 ).

Statistical analysis All samples were tested at least in triplicate unless otherwise stated and statistically analysed using Welch’s t- test (non-parametric, two-tailed) in GraphPad Prism version 3.0 (GraphPad Software, Inc., CA, USA), wherein P values of less than 0.05 and 0.01 were regarded as significant and highly significant, respectively.

Several loci showed a trend toward an association with permanent AF (perm-AF): CAV1 , Cx40 and PITX2 .

6g , a decreasing trend was observed for adult MSC but not for fetal MSC.

For low wind speeds, the effect is quite significant to the point that some of the configurations result in near zero vulnerabilities.

Furthermore, we used the kinetic parameters obtained in the present and previous work to model the effect of TKI-induced inhibition of creatinine transporters on SCr in order to assess whether it might be significant in relation to the clinical diagnosis of TKI-induced renal failure.

For instance, changes in their adhesiveness might be significant enough to induce a malfunctioning, or to shift between lubricant and sticky states, or vice versa .

However, the data set considering egg and larval traits did show a significant trend especially in summer (Table S1 : Model 4.2), with larger females producing eggs with higher C:N, higher %C and lower %N (Fig. 2 ); for %C, this trend was stronger in eggs than in larvae (significant interaction St × Lc).

Even though CA1 inactivation decreased learning rate only moderately (~20% decrease), the inactivation effect was specific to and reliable within CA1-inactivated mice, and the effect was highly significant even with partial inactivation of dorsal CA1 ( hM4Di expression in CA1 was confined within septal 40% along the septo-temporal axis in all animals).

There was also a marginally significant effect of GDD on starvation resistance, with starvation resistance decreasing with GDD.

Whilst the receptor(s) mediating these effects is at this stage unknown, the response mediated by Imiquimod is highly significant to neuroinflammatory conditions where a reduction in the magnitude of neuroinflammation is sought and where protection of the BBB is required.