“a decreasing trend”

Enriched genera such as Bifidobacterium , Lactobacillus , and Clostridium may directly produce indole-3-lactic acid, indole-3-aldehyde, or related metabolites, whereas Bacteroides , one of the major taxa associated with tryptophanase activity, showed a decreasing trend ( Wang et al., 2019 ).

In the Perinatal AIDS Collaborative Transmission Study, the incidence of non-ocular CMV disease before and after January 1997 (pre-ART and ART eras) declined from 1.4 per 100 child-years to 0.1 per 100 child-years, with CMV retinitis rates declining from 0.7 to 0.0 per 100 child-years; with a decreasing trend in opportunistic infections that continued in the next decade after introduction of ART [ 60 , 61 ].

Similarly, FASN protein expression demonstrates a decreasing trend during productive BoAHV-1 infection in both MDBK and Neuro-2A cells.

The influence of salinity on calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) precipitation at different NaCl concentrations (0, 1, 2.5, and 5%) indicates a decreasing trend in CaCO 3 formation with increasing salt content ( Figure 3 ).

This cytosolic accumulation was not accompanied by a corresponding protein increase in the membrane fraction; instead, a decreasing trend in membrane-associated GLUT4 content was noted in the sTGF-β1n model ( Figure 3D ).

The recall-confidence curve shown in Figure 3c exhibited a decreasing trend.

Similarly, ELISA results indicated a decreasing trend in the secretion of pro‐inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α and IL‐6 following EV treatment, but no significant differences were observed among the EV groups (Figure 6G,H ).

Inference time, particularly for the best-performing models in each generation, demonstrates a decreasing trend throughout the optimization process (Fig. 4 c).

Accordingly, the numerical results also showed a decreasing trend in the volumetric water content response time, \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\:{S}_{I}$$\end{document} , at all soil depths.

Of these, 15 accounted for potential nonlinearity in the relationship: 8 reported a reverse-U-shaped relationship (defined as a pattern in which risk increases up to an optimal level followed by a subsequent decline), 15-18 , 21 , 27-29 4 observed an increasing trend, 22 , 24-26 2 identified a decreasing trend, 13 , 20 and 1 reported a pattern of consistent risk followed by a sharp decline at higher temperature. 30 Among studies reporting a reverse-U-shape, the high-risk range varied depending on both temporal (annual vs monthly) and spatial (nationwide vs subnational) measurement scales.

Analysis of serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels showed that TNF-α levels were significantly reduced in the Hmgb1 knockout group, whereas IL-6 showed a decreasing trend without statistical significance.

Cumulative Meta‐Analysis Based on the included studies, cumulative meta‐analysis demonstrated a decreasing trend in OME recurrence between 2005 and 2019, with the recurrence rate declining from 39% to 24%.

However, as the addition level increased, a decreasing trend in various chemical forces was observed, which may be attributed to excessive okara competing with proteins for water and forming physical barriers between protein molecules, thereby limiting their effective interactions and orderly alignment ( Wang et al., 2021 ).

The expression levels of PvFBA2 , PvFBA3 , PvFBA6 , and PvFBA7 peaked in the 4-h treatment; then, all of them showed a decreasing trend.

Total phenol content exhibited a decreasing trend with increasing enzyme concentrations from 0.00% to 0.20%.

The RSV detection rate was 29.8% (2604/8729) in infants younger than 1 year and 18% (942/5232) in the 1-year-old group, then showing a decreasing trend with increasing age, with the lowest rate of 3.8% (283/7366) observed in the ≥5 years age group.

APL13 levels were lower in all ischemia-induced groups, with a decreasing trend observed as ranolazine dosage increased.

As the frozen storage time increased from 0 to 60 d, the specific volume of the control group generally showed a decreasing trend, indicating that long-term freezing weakened the gas retention capacity and structural stability of the dough ( Figure 2 ).

According to the Mali Demographic and Health Survey, the prevalence of undernutrition among under-fives was a decreasing trend over time.

As the block height increases, entropy exhibits a decreasing trend across all tested values of α .

IQGAP1 knockdown reduced the secretion and mRNA expression levels of IL-6 and IL-8 , decreased NF-κB activity, and showed a decreasing trend in p38 phosphorylation ( Figure 3 ).

Flow cytometry analysis of microglia extracted from the brain showed a decreasing trend in the proportion of pro-inflammatory CD86 + microglia in the late combination therapy group, whereas the percentage of anti-inflammatory CD206 + microglia did not show a significant difference ( Figure 7 I,J). 3.

The results shown in Figure 7 indicate a decreasing trend for UrPUB4 , UrPUB11 , UrPUB22 , UrPUB25 , UrPUB29 , UrPUB30 , UrPUB31 , and UrPUB67.

In contrast, p -coumaric acid showed no significant differences among treatments, although a decreasing trend was observed with increasing damage intensity.

At the genus level, g_Cellulomonas was enriched in the H-BZF group, while g_Paracoccus showed a decreasing trend.