“nominally significant”

They first extracted nominally significant signals ( p <0.05) from three GWAS studies (WTCCC, German, and NIMH GAIN datasets; Fangerau et al., 2004 ; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium, 2007 ; Baum et al., 2008 ), and prioritized potential candidates based on independent, converging lines of evidence from various bioinformatics resources.

According to the regional plots ( Figures 5 E and 5F), we observed that the genetic variants at ABCA7 have nominally significant mQTL effects ( p < 0.05) on the methylation at loci of ABCA7 , NPY , BDNF , and NGFR at transcriptional regulatory regions ( Figures 5 E and 5F; Data S5 ).

Although no individual lipid species remained significant after Benjamini–Hochberg false discovery rate correction, the lipid alterations showed systematic class-level trend which was significant for several lipid classes under Fisher’s combined probability test (as seen in Figure 1 ), and therefore, species-level results are still reported as nominally significant (unadjusted p < 0.05).

For nominally significant sites ( p < .05), findings were considered meaningful and thus described here if at least one of the following two a priori criteria were met: previous association of the CpG with traumatic stress or brain and behavioral functioning, or situated at known or putative TFBs [ 57 ] (indicated in Table 1 ).

As this was an investigative study, nominally significant statistics ( p value < 0.05) were reported.

Using a 25% cumulative variance threshold, 38 of the 55 gene sets enriched at FDR < 0.05 under the 50% threshold remained nominally significant ( p value < 0.05), indicating that the primary biological signals were largely preserved.

For miRNAs recently found to predict Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and its conversion to AD [ 4 ], we also considered nominally significant P-values, i.e. without multiple testing adjustment (P value ≤ 0.05).

To illustrate the broader applicability of the method, we have applied it to the data from START randomized controlled trial.We showed that theCVRSmethod applied with an additional selection step, identified a sensitive group that conferred a nominally significant interaction effect ( P <.05) between the treatment and the sensitivity status, in the case where there was no overall significant treatment effect.

4 , middle column), most effect estimates in non-brain tissues are positive (30 out of 34), but modest in size, and only one is nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

Despite our large sample size, AgeAccelENCen40 + exhibits only nominally significant associations with educational level, income, and handgrip strength ( p < 0.05, Supplementary Fig.

Nominally significant findings ( P < .05) that did not meet these thresholds were reported cautiously.

For any medication with a nominally significant association ( p < .05), the same analysis was repeated in the chemotherapy group to test for nonspecific effects.

This showed that 16 of the 28 gene groups showed evidence of similarity; 12 for growth, 10 for HPO (6 overlap with growth) significant at p < 0.05 after Benjamini Hochberg correction, and 1 for development nominally significant at p < 0.05 (overlaps growth and HPO).

We find that 2/6 nominally significant relationships show evidence of replication, with the same direction of effect ( P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction, linear regressions).

8 , 9 , 13 Associations from meta-analyses of cohort studies that were nominally significant (ie, P ≤ .05) were graded as having convincing (class 1), highly suggestive (class 2), suggestive (class 3), or weak (class 4) evidence based on the amount of evidence, statistical significance, heterogeneity, small-study effect, excess significance bias, prediction interval, and credibility ceiling test (details of classification criteria are provided in Table 1 ).

Within KEGG, the acRPB1 enriched genes had nominally significant overlap (uncorrected p < 0.05) with genes involved in several developmental signaling pathways, focal adhesion, and actin cytoskeleton regulation (Additional file 5 ).

The sentinel variant rs62040020, which resided within an intron of Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 ( JPT2 ) on chromosome 16 (effect allele frequency (EAF)=10.6%), was measured in all six studies with a high imputation quality (r 2 >0.88 across all six studies) and was nominally significant (p<0.05) in four of the six studies ( supplementary table 2 and figure 4 ).

Genes were considered significantly modulated by etrolizumab if they had an absolute fold change ≥ 1.5, at an FDR of < 0.05 in the combined colonic and ileal analysis, and were nominally significant (unadjusted p value < 0.05) in both the colonic- and ileal-only analyses.

We declare h g 2 >0 to be nominally significant (P<0.05) if h g 2 is larger than each value analogously estimated from 19 data sets with sample labels randomly permuted (thus, 5% of genes will be nominally significant even in the absence of a true effect).

Although we reported nominally significant results ( p < 0.05) to maximize sensitivity for hypothesis generation, these results should be interpreted with caution until replicated in larger cohorts and MCC.

Similarly, urinary DAP metabolite concentrations, including DEP, DETP, DMDTP and DEDTP, showed nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) with at least one of these two outcomes.

We did, however, observe nominally significant correlations ( p -value < 0.05) between other pairs of tested neurodegenerative diseases, except for FTD, for which there were no nominally significant correlations (Supplementary Table 1 ).

Results were nominally significant at two-sided p<0.05.

We defined significant novel associations as those that were at least nominally significant in replication (P<0.05) with consistent direction of effect and had an overall P < 5×10 −8 (genome-wide significance) in the discovery and replication cohorts combined.

Some nominally significant effects were observed (i.e., covariate-adjusted differences between genotype groups at p < 0.05).