“nominally significant”

48–50 We also identified lead SNPs (or the next most significant candidate SNPs) that were nominally significant at P < 0.05 in each independent sample. 48 , 50 Functional annotation Candidate SNPs were functionally annotated to characterize their biological significance ( Supplementary material ), identify SNPs with pathogenic potential [Combined Annotation Dependent Depletion (CADD) scores >12.37] 51 and highlight putative causal genes.

In accordance with the findings in mice, a nominally significant ( P <0.05) association between CDKAL1 rs4712523 and BMI was replicated in 2 Japanese general populations comprising 5,695 and 12,569 samples; the risk allele for type 2 diabetes was also associated with decreased BMI.

So it should be kept in mind that each individual p value has a one-in-twenty chance of being nominally significant (p < 0.05) purely from random fluctuations.

The sentinel variant rs62040020, which resided within an intron of Jupiter microtubule associated homolog 2 ( JPT2 ) on chromosome 16 (effect allele frequency (EAF)=10.6%), was measured in all six studies with a high imputation quality (r 2 >0.88 across all six studies) and was nominally significant (p<0.05) in four of the six studies ( supplementary table 2 and figure 4 ).

Although 75 proteins showed nominally significant abundance differences ( p ≤ 0.05), all corresponding q‐values were 0.99, indicating no statistically robust differences in abundance between PEA and VC at 36 h.

Further investigation of BMP8A using the Genotype Tissue Expression Database revealed multiple variants with nominally significant (P < 0.05) interaction P-values in our EA cohort were significant BMP8A eQTLs in tissue types highlight relevant for PAD such as rs755249 (tibial nerve, eQTL P = 3.6x10 -6 ) and rs1180341 (tibial artery, eQTL P = 5.3x10 -6 ).

Moreover, in 3 of the 17 CpG sites linked to the DRD4 gene, associations with the Cue-P3 were nominally significant (p < 0.05) which can be seen in line with the findings of Albrecht et al .

The GWAS of patients with schizophrenia was performed using logistic regression with imputation probabilities adjusted for PCA covariates, chosen as nominally significant with p < 0.05 in the employed logistic regression.

Differential methylation analysis identified 6095 nominally significant differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCs; p < 0.05, log fold-change > 0.1), associated with 2935 unique genes.

A FDR-adjusted P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant; unadjusted P value < 0.05 was considered nominally significant and unadjusted P value = 0.05 was considered borderline significant.

We first used the set-based test feature in PLINK with 100 000 permutations to identify up to 5 SNPs in each gene that were independent of one another ( r 2 <0.5) and nominally significant ( P <0.05).

In contrast to the other comparisons, the DD versus TD comparison only identified 59 nominally significant ( p < 0.05) DMRs (54% hypermethylated, 46% hypomethylated) from 1861 background regions that were assembled from the 25 122 420 CpGs covered in these groups ( Supplementary Material, Table S2C ).

The effect of p-tau 181 on the volume of the right hippocampus remained significant ( β = −0.23, P = 4.23e-04, P FDR = 0.053), but no interactions were nominally significant ( P > 0.05; Supplementary Table 7 ).

To explore the utility of this concept in interpreting our KGD data, we mapped the nominally significant KGDs (p ≤ 0.05) identified for each cancer driver gene across all histotypes onto the high-confidence STRING functional interaction network ( Franceschini et al., 2013 ) (see Experimental Procedures ).

After applying the Holm-Bonferroni correction for multiple tests, the comparisons that were nominally significant in the unadjusted analyses lost statistical significance (all adjusted P > .05).

Of those, 38,776 (95%) showed the same direction of effect, 33,128 (81%) also had a nominally significant p value ( p < 0.05), and 25,544 (63%) had an FDR-adjusted p < 0.05 in the BLUEPRINT data (Fig. 1b , Supplementary Data 1 ).

Variable Selection Based on linear mixed models including the factors of time, age at enrollment, sex, and stimulus version, 23 speech variables from the picture description task showed nominally significant ( P < 0.05) effects of time at the group level.

Interestingly, the two nominally significant CpG sites ( P < 0.05) that overlap between the cannabis-only and the cannabis with tobacco data are located within the MARC2 and CUX1 genes, which both have reported roles in brain function; a SNP in MARC2 has been provisionally associated with the biological response to antipsychotic therapy in schizophrenia patients 77 , and the CUX1 gene has an established role in neural development 78 .

Each of the independent variables in the regression models was nominally significant, with p < 0.05.

After additionally adjusting for diagnosis, only ERLIN2, APMAP, and COX19 retained nominally significant positive correlations with pTau231 ( p < 0.05), though none survived correction for multiple comparisons.

Further, based on the nominally significant (single CpG site p -value < 0.05) CpGs within each of the DMRs, there was a general trend towards consistent association directions with increasing BTEX exposure for the DMRs.

Additionally, for each of the 594 eGFR signals, we queried further genetic association data relevant to the kidney researcher: (7) To highlight the relevance of a genetic association with creatinine-based eGFR for kidney function rather than creatinine metabolism, we included information on whether the locus association was directionally consistent and nominally significant for blood urea nitrogen (BUN) or cystatin-based eGFR (eGFRcys; i.e. locus lead variant P < 0.05; opposite or same direction of effect for BUN or eGFRcys, respectively; n = 852,678 or 460,826, respectively; yielding 491 of 594 signals validated); (8) Since genetic effects with steeper decline versus more stable eGFR over time might point to particularly deleterious mechanisms for the kidney, we included information on whether the signal showed significant association on eGFR decline (N = 343,339 [ 25 ], yielding 8 decline signals).

Using a 25% cumulative variance threshold, 38 of the 55 gene sets enriched at FDR < 0.05 under the 50% threshold remained nominally significant ( p value < 0.05), indicating that the primary biological signals were largely preserved.

In all, 1,608 specifications comprised more than a single study, yielding 1,363 (85%) nominally significant ( p < 0.05) negative and 9 (<1%) significant positive summary effects.

To determine if any annotations were enriched in both mouse and human, even though individual genes were not shared, separate lists of genes nominally significant in human (915 genes p ≤ 0.05) and human homologues of the 42 mouse genes with p ≤ 0.05 were entered into DAVID.