“nominally significant”

Only the sociability and rs-fMRI trait pairs showing at least nominally significant ( p < 0.05) global, bivariate genetic correlations were further explored at the local genomic level.

14 We defined replicated SNPs as those showing nominally significant association ( P <0.05) and a consistent direction of effect.

BNC2 rs10756819 was not genome-wide significant but showed a consistent and nominally significant effect in all studied cohorts ( p value <0.05); this therefore replicated our previous finding from a candidate gene study (Jacobs et al. 2012 ) suggesting that BNC2 influences subtle variation in skin color.

Regardless of the Bonferroni correction, the term “nominally significant” refers to genes with Fisher’s exact test P values ≤ 0.05.

Of these 20 metabolites, only five showed nominally significant univariate differences between ME/CFS cases and controls (indole-3-propionic acid, aminomalonate, ornithine, leucine, and succinic acid; all p < 0.05), while the majority—including proline and indole-3-lactate, the constituents of the top-ranked interaction term—did not reach univariate significance in isolation ( p = 0.777 and p = 0.237, respectively).

Using TDT, we identified eight nominally significant associated SNPs ( p =<0.05).

A total of 59 genes show a nominally significant ( p < 0.05) founder strain effect correlation between the local eQTL and one or more trait-specific QTL (1–10 genes per QTL group; Supplementary Table S10 ).

These loci remained at least nominally significant (p < 0.05) in all five iterations (online Supporting Information Table S14 ).

Eight other structure–function associations were nominally significant (p < .05, uncorrected) across groups: FPN was associated with components reflecting global surface area (ic4; t = 2.2, p = .031), global thickness (ic5; t = 2.2, p = .029), and precentral surface area (ic62; t = 2.7, p = .009), while DMN was associated with cerebellar GMV (ic22; t = −2.3, p = .023), frontal thickness (ic45; t = 2.2, p = .031), temporal GMV (ic50; t = 2.5, p = .013), precuneal GMV (ic58; t = −2.1, p = .041), and fronto-temporal thickness (ic60; t = −2.0, p = .047). 3.3.2.

As a post hoc analysis, when only patients were considered (and not controls), the same general pattern of results were observed as for the full group, with the relationship between higher polygene scores and lower test accuracy remaining significant at the P =10 −5 threshold, and nominally significant at the P =0.05 threshold.

To further explore these regions, we applied more relaxed criteria and detected two nominally significant eQTLs ( P < 0.05) in the NJMU lung eQTL database: MTAP at 9p21.3 and TCF7L2 at 10q25.2 (Additional file 2: Fig.

The nominally significant p -value was defined as 0.006 ≤ p < 0.050, indicating suggestive evidence for potential causality.

While several features showed nominally significant correlations at uncorrected p < 0.05 , no features survived FDR correction at the 0.05 threshold, reflecting the moderate effect sizes and sample size constraints.

In the primary MR analysis, 24 lipid metabolites showed nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) with the risk of ER+ breast cancer ( Table S3 , Figure 2(a) ), while 23 metabolites were similarly associated with ER− breast cancer ( Table S4 , Figure 2(b) ).

Although no heterogenous variants were revealed in the scatter plot ( Figure 3 ) and leave-one-out analysis ( Figure 4 ), the causal estimates given by Wald ratios from both rs3195944 (OR = 1.25; 95% CI, 1.06–1.48; p = 0.007) and rs1227731 (OR = 1.26; 95% CI, 1.08–1.46; p = 0.003) were notably nominally significant ( p < 0.05) when examining the effect of GDF-15 on AD mediated by individual SNP ( Supplementary Table 5 ).

Additional post hoc analyses show that these SNVs remain suggestively significant ( p < 5 × 10 −5 ) when not covarying for APOE and the HRs remain in the same direction and nominally significant ( p < 0.05) when using models that include APOE ε2 and ε4 separately in dominant and additive models (Table S4 in supporting information). 3.2.2 APOE analyses Next, in Cox proportional hazard (PH) models, carriers of ε2/ε4, ε3/ε4, ε4/ε4 had an elevated HR (Cox PH HR > 1) for earlier conversion to amyloid positivity compared to ε3/ε3 homozygotes. ε2/ε3 carriers demonstrated a lower risk ratio (Cox PH HR < 1; Table 3 ).

Mendelian randomization analysis For sex hormones, the MR IVW estimates for total T [-0.09 (-0.16, -0.01)] in men and bioavailable T [0.13 (0.03, 0.23)] in women were nominally significant ( p <0.05), but they did not pass the significance level of p < 0.0071 after Bonferroni correction.

We then performed two additional WGScan-based burden tests for this chr11:64,859,972–64,869,939 region: variants with nominally significant Fisher’s exact p values ( p <0.05) only and variants in the window that were not nominally significant.

To address the concern that ADRD is an imperfect proxy for AD and that the ADRD and PD GWAS have overlapping participants (nearly all of which are from the UK Biobank), we confirmed that all our ADRD associations had nearly identical odds ratios in an AD GWAS that excluded the UK Biobank, and all but one remained nominally significant ( p < 0.05) for AD.

This analysis initially identified 216 KO genes with nominally significant differential abundance (nominal p < 0.05) between healthy and diseased rhizosphere samples.

All discovery SNP-CpG associations ( n = 497,689) were nominally significant at baseline ( P < 0.05), and 99.5% ( n = 497,443) were nominally significant during the course of the disease ( P < 0.05).

Only 10 of the 100 random gene sets showed a nominally significant result (p<0.05) whichever test statistic was used (SUMSTAT or SUMSQ).

First, in step A, we screened for the presence of nominally significant ( P < 0.05) cumulative effects of associated methylation sites in whole blood, to determine which factors and variables to include in the full-scale analysis, thereby minimizing false positive findings in the downstream analysis.

A total of 205 risk factor associations were found to be nominally significant ( p < 0.05).

Nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) were observed between higher maternal levels of IL-8 during early pregnancy with lower gross motor (β: −0.902, 95%CI: −1.697, −0.107, p = 0.026) and fine motor (β: −0.880, 95%CI: −1.500, −0.259, p = 0.006) skills score at age one.