“nominally significant”

Given the known prior association with AAA, we used a nominally significant P <0.05 to declare significance.

Nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) were observed between higher maternal levels of IL-8 during early pregnancy with lower gross motor (β: −0.902, 95%CI: −1.697, −0.107, p = 0.026) and fine motor (β: −0.880, 95%CI: −1.500, −0.259, p = 0.006) skills score at age one.

Moreover, a nominally significant association threshold ( p < .05) was set in the replication stage to ensure that the overall significant association is robust across populations.

A gene was said to be associated with Alzheimer’s disease if it had at least one probe that was 50 KB up or downstream of the gene that was nominally significant ( P < 0.05) in IGAP 36 .

Those genes that yielded at least nominally significant interaction terms (raw p < 0.05 ) and FDR-significant associations within male or female strata were determined to have sex-specific associations with Cd.

Genetic correlation and colocalization analyses Among the 94 identified significant associations, LDSC analyses detected nominally significant ( P < 0.05) genetic correlations between seven metabolite-cancer pairs (Additional file 1 : Table S8).

Survival analysis incorporating low KDM5D as a prognostic indicator yielded nominally significant P -values ( P ≤ 0.05) in seven cancers types, most significantly in head-neck squamous cell carcinoma (n 366, HR 1.79 [95% CI 1.3, 2.5], P = 0.0003) and liver hepatocellular carcinoma (n 249, HR 1.85 [95% CI 1.16, 2.94], P = 0.008).

Of the 279 gene–trait associations for which we attempted replication, 193 (69%; 28 with a binary trait, 165 with a quantitative trait) were nominally significant ( P ≤ 0.05) and directionally consistent (Supplementary Table 6 ), versus around 7 expected by chance (279 × 0.05 × 0.5).

Three previously reported sites mapping into the genes MCM2 , EXOC3 , and JARID2 were significantly associated with one or more traits after correction for multiple testing ( P < 1.6e-03, Supplementary Data 12 ), and another seven showed nominally significant associations ( P < 0.05).

3.4 Multivariate regression to maximize the association with subjective cognitive decline scores All variables which were nominally significant (p < 0.05) in the competitive model analysis, in addition to covariates, were then selected as input variables in a backwards stepwise multiple regression analysis to maximize the R adj 2 value ( Fig. 3 A ).

There were 26602 nominally significant ( P -value < 0.05) CpG sites ( Figure 1 ).

However, there are over 200 nominally significant between-breed genetic correlations but less than 50 phenotypic correlations compared with an expected error of 20 at p < 0.05.

When assessing each FTD syndrome separately, significant ( p < 0.0062) or nominally significant ( p < 0.05) associations with GFAP were seen for nfvPPA (phonemic fluency), svPPA (Digit span backward and Trails B), CBS (CDR® + NACC-FTLDsb, MoCA and Digit Span Backward), PSP-RS (CDR® + NACC-FTLDsb, MoCA and MINT), and MBCI (category fluency).

Only the volumes of the caudate, corpus callosum and third ventricle achieved a heritability that was nominally significant in our sample (uncorrected P <0.05).

Among >800,000 CG sites (where DNA methylation mostly occurs in the mammalian brain), 11,917 located at transcription start sites (TSS) showed nominally significant differences ( p -value < 0.05; unfortunately, genomic localization of these probes, and full genome-wide results, were not provided).

Both nominally significant alterations ( p < 0.05) and those surviving multiple testing correction (FDR < 0.05) were reported; however, only FDR-significant findings were interpreted as robust.

Although none of these comparisons reached the significance threshold after adjustment for multiple comparisons (3.69 × 10 −5 ), 179 were nominally significant ( p < 0.05) ( Supplementary Table S6a ).

Pathway analysis for candidate genes arising from the family‐based association analysis with nominally significant association ( p ‐value < 0.05).

In the primary MR analysis, 24 lipid metabolites showed nominally significant associations ( p < 0.05) with the risk of ER+ breast cancer ( Table S3 , Figure 2(a) ), while 23 metabolites were similarly associated with ER− breast cancer ( Table S4 , Figure 2(b) ).

In this study, a difference was termed as nominally significant when p < 0.05 but not statistically significant after type I error control, or not included in the type I error control strategy.

These loci remained at least nominally significant (p < 0.05) in all five iterations (online Supporting Information Table S14 ).

Therefore, only nominally significant (unadjusted p -value <0.05) rG are reported in the figure.

Approximately 30% the loci yielding genome-wide significant levels of association with TC and LDL in the Global Lipids Genetics Consortium analysis and 35% of the loci similarly associated with HDL and TG yielded at least nominally significant levels of association ( p < 0.05) with the same phenotypes in ACCORD.

Nominally significant ( P < 0.05) associations were observed at nine SNPs in a direction consistent with the established association.

Among the 687 height-related SNPs available in our genetic data set, 37 and 38 showed nominally significant associations ( P -value <0.05) with risk of SCC and BCC respectively ( Supplementary Tables 4 and 5 ).